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A nurse is discussing male infertility with a client. Which of the following is a common cause of reduced male fertility?
- A. High testosterone levels
- B. Frequent use of lubricants during intercourse
- C. Smoking and alcohol consumption
- D. Daily exercise routines
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Smoking and alcohol consumption. Smoking and alcohol can negatively impact male fertility by affecting sperm quality and quantity. Smoking can lead to DNA damage in sperm, while alcohol can disrupt hormone levels. High testosterone levels (A) actually do not commonly cause reduced fertility. Frequent use of lubricants (B) may hinder sperm movement, but it's not a common cause. Daily exercise (D) can improve overall health and fertility.
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Which type of breech presentation is identified when the buttocks present first, with both legs extended up toward the face?
- B. A. frank
- C. B. full
- D. C. complete
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a frank breech presentation, the buttocks present first, with both legs extended up toward the face. This is a common breech presentation that requires careful monitoring during labor and birth to ensure a safe delivery. In a full or complete breech, the fetus sits cross-legged above the cervix, while in a footling breech, one or both legs are presenting. Understanding the different types of breech presentations is crucial for providing appropriate care and support during labor and birth.
A nurse provides teaching for a patient scheduled for genetic testing. What should the nurse do to help the patient understand what is being taught?
- A. Use simple vocabulary.
- B. Avoid the use of jargon.
- C. Speak slowly and clearly.
- D. Ask the patient to verbalize what was learned.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because asking the patient to verbalize what was learned promotes active learning and helps assess the patient's understanding. It allows the nurse to clarify any misconceptions and reinforce important information. Choice A may be helpful but not sufficient. Choice B is important but may not fully address comprehension. Choice C focuses on communication style rather than assessing understanding.
A patient undergoing IVF asks about the risks of transferring multiple embryos. What should the nurse discuss?
- A. Increased chances of multiple pregnancies, which can pose risks to both mother and babies.
- B. Reduced implantation rates due to overcrowding in the uterus.
- C. Improved success rates with no associated risks.
- D. Increased likelihood of genetic abnormalities.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because transferring multiple embryos during IVF increases the likelihood of multiple pregnancies, which can lead to complications for both the mother and babies, such as preterm birth and low birth weight. This is a well-documented risk in IVF procedures.
Choice B is incorrect because overcrowding in the uterus does not reduce implantation rates; rather, it can increase the chances of successful implantation of the embryos.
Choice C is incorrect as transferring multiple embryos does not guarantee improved success rates and can actually increase the risks associated with multiple pregnancies.
Choice D is incorrect because while there is a slightly increased risk of genetic abnormalities in pregnancies resulting from IVF, the primary concern related to transferring multiple embryos is the increased risk of multiple pregnancies.
A nurse is discussing fertility preservation options for a young woman undergoing cancer treatment. What should the nurse highlight?
- A. Embryo freezing is the only effective preservation method.
- B. Egg freezing is an option for women who are not ready to fertilize eggs.
- C. Fertility preservation must wait until cancer treatment is completed.
- D. No preservation methods exist for women in this situation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because egg freezing allows women to preserve their fertility before cancer treatment. It is a viable option for those not ready to fertilize eggs. Choice A is incorrect as embryo freezing is not the only method. Choice C is incorrect as fertility preservation should be discussed before cancer treatment. Choice D is incorrect as egg freezing is a valid preservation method.
What is the role of ovarian reserve testing in infertility evaluation?
- A. To determine the number and quality of remaining eggs.
- B. To assess uterine abnormalities.
- C. To monitor hormone levels during pregnancy.
- D. To predict the success of natural conception within a month.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because ovarian reserve testing evaluates the quantity and quality of a woman's remaining eggs, helping to determine her fertility potential. This includes tests like AMH levels, antral follicle count, and FSH levels. Choice B is incorrect as it pertains to assessing uterine abnormalities, not ovarian reserve. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to monitoring hormone levels during pregnancy, not fertility evaluation. Choice D is incorrect as ovarian reserve testing does not predict success of natural conception within a specific timeframe.