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A nurse is discussing male infertility with a client. Which of the following is a common cause of reduced male fertility?
- A. High testosterone levels
- B. Frequent use of lubricants during intercourse
- C. Smoking and alcohol consumption
- D. Daily exercise routines
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Smoking and alcohol consumption. Smoking and alcohol can negatively impact male fertility by affecting sperm quality and quantity. Smoking can lead to DNA damage in sperm, while alcohol can disrupt hormone levels. High testosterone levels (A) actually do not commonly cause reduced fertility. Frequent use of lubricants (B) may hinder sperm movement, but it's not a common cause. Daily exercise (D) can improve overall health and fertility.
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What is the role of ovarian reserve testing in infertility evaluation?
- A. To determine the number and quality of remaining eggs.
- B. To assess uterine abnormalities.
- C. To monitor hormone levels during pregnancy.
- D. To predict the success of natural conception within a month.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because ovarian reserve testing evaluates the quantity and quality of a woman's remaining eggs, helping to determine her fertility potential. This includes tests like AMH levels, antral follicle count, and FSH levels. Choice B is incorrect as it pertains to assessing uterine abnormalities, not ovarian reserve. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to monitoring hormone levels during pregnancy, not fertility evaluation. Choice D is incorrect as ovarian reserve testing does not predict success of natural conception within a specific timeframe.
During a preconception consultation, a patient asks about factors affecting egg quality. What should the nurse explain?
- A. Age is the primary factor influencing egg quality.
- B. Diet has no impact on egg quality.
- C. Hormonal treatments guarantee improvement in egg quality.
- D. Exercise is the only way to enhance egg quality.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Age is the primary factor influencing egg quality. As a tutor, I will explain this by stating that the quality of a woman's eggs declines with age due to factors like genetic abnormalities and decreased mitochondrial function. This decline can affect fertility and increase the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in offspring.
For the incorrect choices:
B: Diet can impact egg quality by providing essential nutrients, so this choice is incorrect.
C: Hormonal treatments may help with fertility but do not guarantee improvement in egg quality, making this choice incorrect.
D: Exercise can contribute to overall health but is not the only way to enhance egg quality, making this choice incorrect.
In summary, age is a crucial factor affecting egg quality, while diet, hormonal treatments, and exercise play roles but are not primary influencers.
What is the primary purpose of performing a semen analysis during infertility testing?
- A. To determine the presence of infections.
- B. To evaluate sperm count, motility, and morphology.
- C. To check for hormonal imbalances.
- D. To test for genetic abnormalities in sperm.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary purpose of performing a semen analysis during infertility testing is to evaluate sperm count, motility, and morphology. This is crucial in assessing male fertility potential. Sperm count indicates the quantity of sperm, motility refers to their ability to move effectively, and morphology assesses the shape and structure of sperm. These factors directly impact the likelihood of successful fertilization. Checking for infections (choice A) is important but not the primary purpose. Hormonal imbalances (choice C) are typically evaluated through blood tests, not semen analysis. Testing for genetic abnormalities in sperm (choice D) is a separate test and not the primary focus of a semen analysis.
Which type of breech presentation is identified when the buttocks present first, with both legs extended up toward the face?
- B. A. frank
- C. B. full
- D. C. complete
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a frank breech presentation, the buttocks present first, with both legs extended up toward the face. This is a common breech presentation that requires careful monitoring during labor and birth to ensure a safe delivery. In a full or complete breech, the fetus sits cross-legged above the cervix, while in a footling breech, one or both legs are presenting. Understanding the different types of breech presentations is crucial for providing appropriate care and support during labor and birth.
A nurse provides teaching for a patient scheduled for genetic testing. What should the nurse do to help the patient understand what is being taught?
- A. Use simple vocabulary.
- B. Avoid the use of jargon.
- C. Speak slowly and clearly.
- D. Ask the patient to verbalize what was learned.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because asking the patient to verbalize what was learned promotes active learning and helps assess the patient's understanding. It allows the nurse to clarify any misconceptions and reinforce important information. Choice A may be helpful but not sufficient. Choice B is important but may not fully address comprehension. Choice C focuses on communication style rather than assessing understanding.