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A nurse is doing a shift assessment on a group of patients after first taking report. An elderly patient is having her second dose of IV antibiotics for a diagnosis of pneumonia. The nurse notices a new rash on the patients chest. The nurse should ask what priority question regarding the presence of a reddened rash?
- A. Is the rash worse at a particular time or season?
- B. Are you allergic to any foods or medication?
- C. Are you having any loss of sensation in that area?
- D. Is your rash painful?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A new rash during antibiotic therapy suggests a possible allergic reaction, which could be life-threatening. Assessing for allergies is the priority over timing, sensation, or pain.
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A patient with an exceptionally low body mass index has been admitted to the emergency department with signs and symptoms of hypothermia. The nurse should know that this patients susceptibility to heat loss is related to atrophy of what skin component?
- A. Epidermis
- B. Merkel cells
- C. Dermis
- D. Subcutaneous tissue
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Subcutaneous tissue, with its fat content, insulates against heat loss. Atrophy in patients with low BMI increases hypothermia risk. The epidermis, Merkel cells, and dermis do not primarily regulate temperature.
The outer layer of the epidermis provides the most effective barrier to penetration of the skin by environmental factors. Which of the following is an example of penetration by an environmental factor?
- A. An insect bite
- B. Dehydration
- C. Sunburn
- D. Excessive perspiration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An insect bite represents penetration of the skin by an environmental factor, breaching the stratum corneum. Dehydration, sunburn, and perspiration are not examples of penetration.
A new patient has come to the dermatology clinic to be assessed for a reddened rash on his abdomen. What diagnostic test would most likely be ordered to identify the causative allergen?
- A. Skin scrapings
- B. Skin biopsy
- C. Patch testing
- D. Tzanck smear
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patch testing identifies allergens causing contact dermatitis. Skin scrapings are for fungal infections, biopsies rule out malignancy, and Tzanck smears diagnose blistering conditions.
A nurse is reviewing gerontologic considerations relating to the care of patients with dermatologic problems. What vulnerability results from the age-related loss of subcutaneous tissue?
- A. Decreased resistance to ultraviolet radiation
- B. Increased vulnerability to infection
- C. Diminished protection of tissues and organs
- D. Increased risk of skin malignancies
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Loss of subcutaneous tissue reduces cushioning and insulation for underlying tissues and organs. It does not directly affect UV resistance, infection risk, or malignancy risk.
A wound care nurse is reviewing skin anatomy with a group of medical nurses. Which area of the skin would the nurse identify as providing a cushion between the skin layers, muscles, and bones?
- A. Dermis
- B. Subcutaneous tissue
- C. Epidermis
- D. Stratum corneum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) cushions between skin layers, muscles, and bones. The dermis provides strength, the epidermis is the outer layer, and the stratum corneum is the outermost epidermal layer.