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A nurse is educating a group of nursing students about brain herniation. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include as a potential treatment for brain herniation? Which intervention is a potential treatment for brain herniation?
- A. Hyperventilate the patient.
- B. Decrease sedation.
- C. Reduce the temperature in the room.
- D. Lower blood pressure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hyperventilate the patient. Hyperventilation helps to decrease the PaCO2 levels, leading to vasoconstriction and decreased cerebral blood flow, which can help reduce intracranial pressure associated with brain herniation. This intervention aims to improve cerebral perfusion and prevent further brain damage. Decreasing sedation (choice B) may be necessary to assess the patient's neurological status, but it does not directly address brain herniation. Reducing the room temperature (choice C) can help in managing fever, but it does not target brain herniation. Lowering blood pressure (choice D) may be necessary in some cases, but it is not a primary treatment for brain herniation.
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A nurse is educating a patient with benign prostatic hypertrophy who has been newly prescribed finasteride. What should the nurse include in the teaching? What should the nurse include in finasteride teaching?
- A. Decreased libido is an adverse effect of the medication.
- B. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice when taking this medication.
- C. PSA levels will increase while taking this medication.
- D. Expect to see a response from the medication within one week.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased libido is an adverse effect of the medication. Finasteride is a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor commonly used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy. One of the common side effects of finasteride is a decrease in libido due to its mechanism of action on hormone levels. This information is crucial for the patient to be aware of to monitor and report any changes in sexual function. Choice B is incorrect because grapefruit juice does not interact with finasteride. Choice C is incorrect as PSA levels typically decrease with finasteride treatment. Choice D is incorrect as it may take several months to see a response from the medication due to its mechanism of action on prostate size.
A nurse is caring for a patient whose right leg is in Buck's traction. Which interventions should the nurse implement to promote the patient's mobility? Which intervention promotes mobility in Buck's traction?
- A. Perform passive range of motion exercises on the right leg.
- B. Perform isometric exercises on both legs.
- C. Perform active range-of-motion exercises on the left leg.
- D. Log roll the patient every 2 hours.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Performing active range-of-motion exercises on the left leg promotes mobility in Buck's traction by maintaining muscle strength and joint flexibility, preventing muscle atrophy, and improving circulation. This helps prevent complications and supports eventual rehabilitation. Passive range of motion exercises on the right leg are not recommended as it may cause discomfort. Isometric exercises on both legs may not address the specific immobilization of the right leg. Log rolling every 2 hours is not directly related to promoting mobility in Buck's traction.
A nurse is caring for a patient who wants to know how albuterol aids his breathing. What should the nurse's response be? How does albuterol aid breathing?
- A. The medication will decrease coughing episodes.
- B. The medication will prevent wheezing.
- C. The medication will open the airways.
- D. The medication will stimulate the flow of mucus.
- E. The medication will reduce inflammation.
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: The correct answers are B and C. Albuterol aids breathing by preventing wheezing (choice B) and opening the airways (choice C). Albuterol is a bronchodilator that works by relaxing the muscles around the airways, allowing them to widen and making it easier to breathe. Choices A, D, and E are incorrect because albuterol does not directly decrease coughing episodes, stimulate mucus flow, or reduce inflammation. The key is understanding albuterol's mechanism of action in dilating the airways to improve breathing.
A nurse is educating a patient with multiple sclerosis who has been prescribed baclofen. What guidance should the nurse include in the education? What guidance should the nurse include for baclofen?
- A. Consume the medication on an empty stomach.
- B. Anticipate initial development of diarrhea.
- C. Discontinue the medication immediately if a headache occurs.
- D. Avoid taking antihistamines with this medication.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct Answer: D - Avoid taking antihistamines with this medication.
Rationale:
1. Baclofen is a muscle relaxant used to treat muscle spasms in conditions like multiple sclerosis.
2. Antihistamines can potentiate sedative effects when taken with baclofen, leading to increased drowsiness and dizziness.
3. Combining baclofen with antihistamines can result in impaired motor function and cognitive abilities.
4. It is important to educate the patient to avoid taking antihistamines while on baclofen to prevent these potential adverse effects.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A. Consuming the medication on an empty stomach is not necessary for baclofen.
B. Diarrhea is not a common initial side effect of baclofen.
C. Headache is not a common adverse effect of baclofen that requires immediate discontinuation of the medication.
A nurse is caring for a preschooler. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the healthcare provider immediately? Which finding in a preschooler should the nurse report immediately?
- A. Platelet count.
- B. Emesis.
- C. Absolute neutrophil count.
- D. Loss of appetite.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Absolute neutrophil count. Neutrophils are key components of the immune system, and a low absolute neutrophil count can indicate an increased risk of infection. In preschoolers, any significant deviation from the normal range should be reported promptly to the healthcare provider to prevent serious complications. Platelet count (A) may indicate bleeding disorders but is not as urgent as a low neutrophil count. Emesis (B) and loss of appetite (D) are common in preschoolers and may not be immediate concerns unless persistent or severe. Reporting a low absolute neutrophil count is crucial for timely intervention and management.