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A nurse is educating a group of older adults in a community center on weight management using the BMI scale. Using the client's height and weight to calculate BMI, which of the following clients has a healthy BMI?
- A. A client with a weight of 128 lb and height of 70 inches
- B. A client with a weight of 150 lb and height of 68 inches
- C. A client with a weight of 200 lb and height of 72 inches
- D. A client with a weight of 133 lb and height of 60 inches
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To determine a healthy BMI, we need to calculate it using the formula: BMI = weight (lbs) / height^2 (inches) x 703. For choice A, BMI = 128 / (70 x 70) x 703 = 18.38, which falls within the healthy BMI range of 18.5-24.9. Therefore, choice A is correct. Choices B, C, and D have BMIs of 22.8, 27.1, and 26.1, respectively, which are outside the healthy range. Thus, choices B, C, and D are incorrect.
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A nurse is providing teaching to a group of parents of newborns who are planning to formula feed. Which of the following statements by a parent indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. "I will give formula to my baby at room temperature."
- B. "I will ensure my baby's feeds last 10 to 15 minutes."
- C. "I will burp my baby halfway through each feeding."
- D. "I will watch for signs my baby is full and stop the feeding."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is, "I will ensure my baby's feeds last 10 to 15 minutes." This statement indicates a need for further teaching because it suggests a strict time limit for feedings, which may not be appropriate for a newborn. Newborns should be allowed to feed as long as they want, typically around 20-30 minutes per breast if breastfeeding, or on-demand with formula. Choices A, C, and D demonstrate proper feeding practices such as feeding at room temperature, burping halfway through each feeding, and watching for signs of fullness to stop the feeding, which are all appropriate responses by a parent of a formula-fed newborn.
A client with Crohn's disease is being cared for by a nurse. Which of the following food choices aligns with the recommended diet for clients with Crohn's disease?
- A. Vanilla milkshake
- B. Buttered popcorn
- C. Tossed green salad
- D. Toast with jelly
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is a 'Tossed green salad.' Clients with Crohn's disease often benefit from a low-residue diet, which includes easily digestible foods like leafy green vegetables found in a tossed green salad. This type of diet helps minimize gastrointestinal symptoms. Choices A, B, and D are not ideal for clients with Crohn's disease. Vanilla milkshake, buttered popcorn, and toast with jelly may exacerbate symptoms due to their high fat, fiber, or sugar content, which can be harder to digest.
A client is being taught how to follow a low-purine diet for gout management. Which statement indicates the client understands the teaching?
- A. "I will need to limit the number of fruit servings each day."?
- B. "I should avoid eating liver and other organ meats."?
- C. "I can drink only white wine."?
- D. "I should choose red meat instead of poultry."?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Organ meats like liver are high in purines, which can exacerbate gout symptoms. Choosing to avoid such foods is essential in following a low-purine diet. Option A is incorrect because fruits are generally low in purines and are not usually restricted in a low-purine diet. Option C is incorrect as white wine, just like other types of alcohol, should be consumed in moderation or avoided due to its purine content. Option D is incorrect because red meat, including beef and lamb, is high in purines and should be limited in a low-purine diet.
A nurse is caring for a client who is to receive a mechanically altered diet. Which of the following client food choices necessitates intervention by the nurse?
- A. Scrambled eggs
- B. Cottage cheese
- C. Piece of wheat toast
- D. Sliced banana
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Sliced banana.' A mechanically altered diet is designed for clients who have difficulty chewing or swallowing. Sliced bananas, due to their texture and potential choking hazard for clients with swallowing difficulties, would necessitate intervention by the nurse. Scrambled eggs, cottage cheese, and a piece of wheat toast are softer and safer options for clients on a mechanically altered diet, making them appropriate choices.
A client is being taught about following a low-cholesterol diet after coronary artery bypass grafting. Which of the following food choices reflects the client's understanding of these dietary instructions?
- A. Liver
- B. Milk
- C. BEANS
- D. Eggs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Choosing beans as a food option indicates that the client understands the low-cholesterol diet instructions. Beans are a good source of fiber and plant-based protein, which can help lower cholesterol levels. On the other hand, liver and eggs are high in cholesterol and should be limited in a low-cholesterol diet. Milk, especially whole milk, can also be high in saturated fats and cholesterol, so it is not the best choice for a low-cholesterol diet.