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A nurse is educating a pregnant patient about preeclampsia. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further teaching?
- A. I should report sudden swelling in my hands, face, or feet.
- B. I should monitor my blood pressure and avoid excessive salt in my diet.
- C. I should expect occasional headaches and dizziness as normal symptoms of pregnancy.
- D. I should contact my healthcare provider if I experience sudden vision changes or severe headaches.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Choice C is incorrect because headaches and dizziness are not considered normal symptoms of pregnancy, especially when accompanied by other signs of preeclampsia. Preeclampsia can cause headaches and dizziness due to high blood pressure. Choices A, B, and D are correct as they highlight important signs and symptoms of preeclampsia that the patient should report to their healthcare provider promptly.
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What is the total number of chromosomes contained in a mature sperm or ovum?
- A. 22
- B. 23
- C. 44
- D. 46
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gametes (sex chromosomes) contain 23 chromosomes.
A pregnant patient at 26 weeks gestation reports pain in the lower abdomen and back. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Encourage the patient to rest and monitor for changes in symptoms.
- B. Perform a pelvic exam to assess for possible cervical dilation.
- C. Administer pain medication to relieve the discomfort.
- D. Assess the patient's blood pressure and check for signs of preeclampsia.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Encourage the patient to rest and monitor for changes in symptoms. At 26 weeks gestation, lower abdominal and back pain could indicate preterm labor. The first step is to have the patient rest to reduce uterine activity. Monitoring for changes in symptoms is crucial to assess if the pain is worsening and if there are any signs of preterm labor. Performing a pelvic exam (B) could potentially stimulate contractions and should be avoided unless absolutely necessary. Administering pain medication (C) does not address the underlying cause and could mask symptoms. Assessing blood pressure for signs of preeclampsia (D) is important but not the first priority in this scenario.
The nurse is reading an article that states that the maternal mortality rate in the United States in the year 2000 was 17. Which of the following statements would be an accurate interpretation of the statement?
- A. There were 17 maternal deaths in the United States in 2,000 per 100,000 live births.
- B. There were 17 maternal deaths in the United States in 2,000 per 100,000 women of childbearing age.
- C. There were 17 maternal deaths in the United States in 2,000 per 100,000 pregnancies.
- D. There were 17 maternal deaths in the United States in 2,000 per 100,000 women in the country
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Maternal mortality rates are typically expressed as the number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. This metric focuses specifically on deaths related to pregnancy or childbirth complications among women who have given birth, making option A the correct choice. Options B, C, and D refer to broader populations or less relevant denominators, which do not align with standard definitions of maternal mortality rates.
The results of a contraction stress test (CST) are positive. Which intervention is necessary based on this test result?
- A. Repeat the test in 1 week so that results can be trended based on this baseline result.
- B. Contact the health care provider to discuss birth options for the patient.
- C. Send the patient out for a meal and repeat the test to confirm that the results are valid.
- D. Ask the patient to perform a fetal kick count assessment for the next 30 minutes and then reassess the patient.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A positive CST is an abnormal finding that may indicate fetal compromise, requiring immediate discussion of birth options.
Which clinical conditions are associated with increased levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Down syndrome
- B. Molar pregnancy
- C. Twin gestation
- D. Incorrect gestational age assessment of a normal fetus—estimation is earlier in the pregnancy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Elevated AFP levels are seen in multiple gestations, miscalculated gestational age, and threatened abortion.