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A nurse is giving a presentation to a community group about sleep and its relationship to health. In explaining the relationship between REM sleep and body temperature, which statement by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. There is no observable relationship between REM sleep and body temperature.
- B. With higher levels of REM sleep, we also experience higher body temperatures.
- C. Our REM sleep and body temperature cycles are inversely related.
- D. The extent of our experience of REM sleep is directly proportional to a rise in body temperature.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Body temperature decreases during REM sleep due to reduced thermoregulation, making the cycles inversely related (C). No relationship (A) is incorrect, higher REM with higher temperatures (B) and direct proportionality (D) contradict physiological evidence.
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The nurse is assessing the sleep patterns of a 70-year-old female client with a mental disorder. Based on the knowledge of circadian rhythms and the influence of age, which of the following would the nurse anticipate that the client would report about her sleep pattern?
- A. When I was younger, I didn?t notice any differences in how I felt in the morning or evening.
- B. Now it seems like I am sleepier at night and more alert in the morning.
- C. When I worked days, I?d always have trouble feeling sleepy in the morning.
- D. When I was younger, the amount of sleep I got didn?t seem to matter.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aging shifts circadian rhythms, often leading to earlier sleepiness and morning alertness (B), a pattern known as advanced sleep phase syndrome. Options (A), (C), and (D) do not reflect typical age-related changes in circadian rhythms.
A client with insomnia is taught to avoid watching television, eating, and doing work in the bedroom. Which technique is being used?
- A. Sleep restriction
- B. Relaxation training
- C. Cognitive behavior therapy
- D. Stimulus control
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Avoiding non-sleep activities in the bedroom is a stimulus control technique (D), strengthening the bed-sleep association. Sleep restriction (A) limits time in bed, relaxation training (B) focuses on calming techniques, and cognitive behavior therapy (C) is broader.
After teaching a class about circadian rhythm disorders, a nursing instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the class identifies which of the following as a subtype? Select all that apply.
- A. Delayed sleep phase
- B. Nightmare
- C. Sleep terror
- D. Jet lag
- E. Shift work
Correct Answer: A,D,E
Rationale: Circadian rhythm disorders include delayed sleep phase (A), jet lag (D), and shift work (E) disorders, which disrupt sleep-wake timing. Nightmare (B) and sleep terror (C) are parasomnias, not circadian disorders.
A nurse is preparing a presentation on sleep disorders for a community group. Which of the following would the nurse include when explaining the differences between narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome?
- A. Symptoms of both disorders are essentially the same, so it is difficult to differentiate between the two disorders.
- B. People with narcolepsy awaken from a nap feeling rested and replenished, but those with obstructive sleep apnea do not.
- C. People with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome can experience temporary paralysis with naps.
- D. Naps are not recommended for clients with narcolepsy because of their association with severe loss of muscle tone.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Narcolepsy involves refreshing naps (B), unlike obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), where naps are non-restorative due to fragmented sleep. Symptoms differ significantly (A), paralysis is specific to narcolepsy (C), and naps are beneficial for narcolepsy (D).
A group of nursing students is reviewing information about factors affecting the pattern and quality of sleep. The students demonstrate a need for additional review when they identify which of the following?
- A. Sleep patterns are relatively constant across the lifespan.
- B. Women report more problems with sleep than men.
- C. Working night shifts and sleeping during the day can affect sleep.
- D. Environmental influences on sleep can be internal or external.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sleep patterns change across the lifespan (A), with aging affecting sleep duration and quality, indicating a need for review. Women reporting more sleep issues (B), night shifts (C), and environmental influences (D) are accurate.