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A nurse is implementing a brief intervention with a client who is abusing alcohol. The nurse most likely would be involved with which of the following?
- A. Asking the client questions about alcohol use
- B. Negotiating a conversation with the client to reduce use
- C. Pointing out the inconsistencies in thoughts, feelings, and action
- D. Helping the client change the way he thinks about a situation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Brief interventions for alcohol abuse involve negotiating a conversation to reduce use (B), using motivational techniques to encourage change. Asking questions (A) is part of assessment, pointing out inconsistencies (C) is confrontational, and changing thinking (D) is more cognitive therapy.
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A nurse is working with a client who is addicted to heroin. The nurse engages in harm reduction by teaching the client about which of the following?
- A. Using bleach solution to disinfect dirty needles
- B. Problem solving
- C. Healthy coping skills
- D. Proper use of naltrexone (Trexan)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Harm reduction in heroin addiction includes teaching needle disinfection with bleach (A) to reduce infection risk. Problem solving (B) and coping skills (C) are broader interventions, and naltrexone (D) is more relevant for alcohol or opioid relapse prevention.
A group of nursing students is reviewing information about substances that are abused. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as stimulants? Select all that apply.
- A. Alcohol
- B. Cocaine
- C. Heroin
- D. Nicotine
- E. Phencyclidine
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Cocaine (B) and nicotine (D) are stimulants, increasing CNS activity. Alcohol (A) is a depressant, heroin (C) is an opioid, and phencyclidine (E) is a dissociative anesthetic.
A client with a history of substance abuse is involved in a skills training group. Which of the following would the client be involved with to enhance intrapersonal coping skills? Select all that apply.
- A. Substance refusal skills
- B. Problem solving
- C. Anger awareness
- D. Emergency planning
- E. Social support networking
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Intrapersonal coping skills for substance abuse include problem solving (B) and anger awareness (C), which focus on internal emotional and cognitive management. Substance refusal (A) and social support (E) are interpersonal, and emergency planning (D) is situational.
A 52-year-old male client who has a history of alcohol dependence is admitted to a detoxification unit. He has tremors, he is anxious, his pulse has risen from 98 to 110 beats/min, his blood pressure has risen from 140/88 to 152/100 mm Hg, and his temperature is six tenths of a degree above normal. He is slightly diaphoretic. Which nursing diagnosis would be the priority?
- A. Disturbed Thought Processes
- B. Risk for Injury
- C. Ineffective Coping
- D. Ineffective Denial
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The client?s symptoms (tremors, anxiety, elevated vitals, diaphoresis) indicate early alcohol withdrawal, making Risk for Injury (B) the priority due to potential progression to seizures or delirium. Thought processes (A), coping (C), and denial (D) are secondary concerns.
A client tells the nurse that he is committed to trying to quit smoking. When teaching the client about smoking cessation, which of the following would the nurse include?
- A. Success usually involves more than one type of intervention.
- B. Relapse is fairly rare within the first year of quitting.
- C. Ear acupressure is a highly proven method for quitting.
- D. Education is key for smoking cessation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Smoking cessation success typically requires multiple interventions (A), such as behavioral therapy, medications, and support groups. Relapse is common in the first year (B), ear acupressure (C) lacks strong evidence, and education alone (D) is insufficient.