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A nurse is instructing a female client on how to collect a midstream urine sample. Which statement from the client indicates they understand the procedure?,Which statement indicates understanding of midstream urine sample collection?
- A. I will clean the inside of the container with a wipe.
- B. I will urinate a little then stop.
- C. I will use each cleansing wipe twice.
- D. I will use the cleansing wipe from front to back.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. By urinating a little first and then stopping, the client can discard the initial stream that may contain contaminants from the urethra, ensuring a more accurate midstream sample. Cleaning the container with a wipe (A) does not pertain to the collection process. Using cleansing wipes twice (C) risks contamination. Using the wipe from front to back (D) is not relevant to urine sample collection.
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A nurse is caring for a patient who is postoperative following a mastectomy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to promote comfort? Which action promotes comfort post-mastectomy?
- A. Elevate the affected arm.
- B. Apply a heating pad to the surgical site.
- C. Encourage deep breathing exercises.
- D. Administer NSAIDs around the clock.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Elevate the affected arm. Elevating the affected arm post-mastectomy helps reduce swelling and promote lymphatic drainage, which can alleviate discomfort and promote healing. Elevating the arm also helps improve circulation and prevent complications such as lymphedema.
Choice B: Applying a heating pad to the surgical site is not recommended post-mastectomy as it can increase the risk of burns and skin irritation.
Choice C: While deep breathing exercises are beneficial postoperatively to prevent complications such as pneumonia, it does not directly promote comfort in the context of a mastectomy.
Choice D: Administering NSAIDs around the clock may help manage pain post-mastectomy, but it does not specifically address comfort or promote physical comfort promotion strategies.
A nurse is caring for a patient who wants to know how albuterol aids his breathing. What should the nurse's response be? How does albuterol aid breathing?
- A. The medication will decrease coughing episodes.
- B. The medication will prevent wheezing.
- C. The medication will open the airways.
- D. The medication will stimulate the flow of mucus.
- E. The medication will reduce inflammation.
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: The correct answers are B and C. Albuterol aids breathing by preventing wheezing (choice B) and opening the airways (choice C). Albuterol is a bronchodilator that works by relaxing the muscles around the airways, allowing them to widen and making it easier to breathe. Choices A, D, and E are incorrect because albuterol does not directly decrease coughing episodes, stimulate mucus flow, or reduce inflammation. The key is understanding albuterol's mechanism of action in dilating the airways to improve breathing.
A nurse is instructing a patient who has been newly prescribed sumatriptan tablets for the treatment of migraine headaches. Which instructions should the nurse include? What instructions should the nurse include for sumatriptan?
- A. Report any eyelid swelling after dosage.
- B. Repeat the dose in 1 hour if the headache persists.
- C. Take the medication daily to prevent headaches.
- D. Thoroughly chew the tablet before swallowing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Repeat the dose in 1 hour if the headache persists. Sumatriptan is used to treat acute migraine attacks, and the patient should be instructed to take a second dose if the headache does not improve after the first dose. This is important because it helps ensure adequate relief of symptoms. Choices A and D are incorrect because eyelid swelling is not a common side effect of sumatriptan, and sumatriptan tablets should be swallowed whole without chewing. Choice C is incorrect because sumatriptan is not taken daily for headache prevention; it is used as needed for acute migraine attacks.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has a new prescription for prednisone. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor for? Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor for prednisone?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Weight gain
- C. Hypotension
- D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Weight gain. Prednisone, a corticosteroid, commonly causes weight gain due to fluid retention and increased appetite. The rationale for this is that prednisone can alter metabolism, leading to redistribution of body fat and increased retention of sodium and water. Monitoring for weight gain is crucial to assess the effectiveness of the medication and to prevent complications such as edema and hypertension.
Regarding the other choices:
A: Hypoglycemia - Prednisone typically causes hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia.
C: Hypotension - Prednisone can lead to fluid retention and increased blood pressure, not hypotension.
D: Bradycardia - Prednisone does not commonly cause bradycardia; it can actually lead to an increased heart rate.
The nurse is preparing a medication for a patient and observes the date of expiration on the vial occurred 2 months ago. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? What should the nurse do with expired medication?
- A. Discard the medication.
- B. Return the medication to the pharmacy.
- C. Notify the provider.
- D. Give the medication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Return the medication to the pharmacy. Expired medication may be less effective or even harmful. By returning it to the pharmacy, the nurse ensures proper disposal, preventing potential harm to patients. Discarding the medication (choice A) is correct, but returning it to the pharmacy is preferred for proper disposal. Notifying the provider (choice C) may be done after returning the medication. Giving the medication (choice D) should never be an option due to safety concerns.