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A nurse is instructing a patient who has been newly prescribed sumatriptan tablets for the treatment of migraine headaches. Which instructions should the nurse include? What instructions should the nurse include for sumatriptan?
- A. Report any eyelid swelling after dosage.
- B. Repeat the dose in 1 hour if the headache persists.
- C. Take the medication daily to prevent headaches.
- D. Thoroughly chew the tablet before swallowing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Repeat the dose in 1 hour if the headache persists. Sumatriptan is used to treat acute migraine attacks, and the patient should be instructed to take a second dose if the headache does not improve after the first dose. This is important because it helps ensure adequate relief of symptoms. Choices A and D are incorrect because eyelid swelling is not a common side effect of sumatriptan, and sumatriptan tablets should be swallowed whole without chewing. Choice C is incorrect because sumatriptan is not taken daily for headache prevention; it is used as needed for acute migraine attacks.
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A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a patient who has diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and a blood glucose level of 925 mg/dL. What prescription should the nurse anticipate from the provider? What prescription should the nurse anticipate for DKA?
- A. Glucocorticoid medications.
- B. Dextrose 5% in 0.45% sodium chloride.
- C. Oral hypoglycemic medications.
- D. 0.9% sodium chloride IV bolus.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 0.9% sodium chloride IV bolus. In DKA, the primary concern is severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalances due to high blood glucose levels. 0.9% sodium chloride helps to rehydrate the patient and correct electrolyte imbalances. Glucocorticoids (A) are not typically used in the treatment of DKA. Dextrose 5% in 0.45% sodium chloride (B) would worsen hyperglycemia. Oral hypoglycemic medications (C) are not appropriate for managing acute DKA. Therefore, the nurse should anticipate the prescription of 0.9% sodium chloride IV bolus to address the immediate needs of the patient with DKA.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving heparin by continuous IV infusion. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer in the event of an overdose? Which medication should the nurse administer for heparin overdose?
- A. Vitamin K
- B. Iron
- C. Glucagon
- D. Protamine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Protamine. Protamine is the antidote for heparin overdose. It works by binding to heparin, neutralizing its anticoagulant effects. Vitamin K (choice A) is used to reverse the effects of warfarin, not heparin. Iron (choice B) is used to treat iron deficiency anemia. Glucagon (choice C) is used to treat hypoglycemia. In summary, protamine is specifically indicated for heparin overdose due to its ability to neutralize heparin's anticoagulant effects, making it the appropriate choice in this scenario.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has a new prescription for fluconazole. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? What instructions should the nurse include for fluconazole?
- A. Take the medication with food.
- B. Report any abdominal pain.
- C. Avoid driving for 24 hours.
- D. Take the medication at bedtime.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Report any abdominal pain. This is important because fluconazole can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea. Prompt reporting of abdominal pain can help monitor for potential complications like liver toxicity. Choice A is incorrect as fluconazole can be taken with or without food. Choice C is incorrect as fluconazole does not typically impair driving ability. Choice D is incorrect as fluconazole can be taken at any time of the day.
A nurse is about to administer a daily dose of potassium chloride 20 mEq suspension orally. The available amount is potassium chloride suspension 10 mEq/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? How many mL of potassium chloride should the nurse administer?
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale: To determine the amount of suspension needed, divide the desired dose (20 mEq) by the concentration (10 mEq/mL). 20 mEq ÷ 10 mEq/mL = 2 mL. This calculates the correct amount of 2 mL. Other choices are incorrect as they do not follow this calculation, leading to inaccurate dosing.
A nurse is preparing to administer clonidine 0.3 mg at bedtime to a patient. The available amount is clonidine 0.1 mg/tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose? How many clonidine tablets should the nurse administer?
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale: Correct Answer: 3
Rationale: To calculate the number of tablets needed, divide the total dose needed (0.3 mg) by the dose per tablet (0.1 mg). 0.3 mg ÷ 0.1 mg = 3 tablets. Therefore, the nurse should administer 3 tablets per dose.
Summary:
A: Incorrect - Not the correct number of tablets based on the dosage calculation.
B: Incorrect - Not the correct number of tablets based on the dosage calculation.
C: Incorrect - Not the correct number of tablets based on the dosage calculation.
D: Incorrect - Not the correct number of tablets based on the dosage calculation.
E: Incorrect - Not the correct number of tablets based on the dosage calculation.
F: Incorrect - Not the correct number of tablets based on the dosage calculation.
G: Incorrect - Not the correct number of tablets based on the dosage calculation.