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A nurse is interested in studying the incidence of infant death in a particular city and wants to compare that city's rate to the state's rate. Which state resource should the nurse select to gather this information?
- A. Census data.
- B. Bureau of Vital Statistics.
- C. Disease registry.
- D. Department of Health.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Bureau of Vital Statistics provides detailed data on vital events like deaths, making it the best resource for accurate infant mortality rates for city and state comparisons.
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Four students come to the school clinic simultaneously, seeking help from the school nurse. In which order of priority should the nurse provide care to these students? (Arrange the client with the highest priority first, on top, and lowest priority last, on bottom.)
- A. A 12-year-old child with history of asthma who is wheezing and reporting shortness of breath.
- B. A 7-year-old child who has type 1 diabetes mellitus and is experiencing extreme hunger and shakiness
- C. A 10-year-old child with bleeding lacerations on both knees after falling in gym class.
- D. A 5-year-old child who is crying uncontrollably because of an incontinent bowel episode.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: Asthma exacerbation (A) is life-threatening, requiring immediate intervention. Hypoglycemia (B) is urgent to prevent complications. Bleeding lacerations (C) need prompt care but are less critical. Incontinence (D) is least urgent, focusing on comfort after addressing medical emergencies.
Community health nurses are particularly concerned with the spread of communicable diseases such as hepatitis A. Which group of Individuals should the nurse identify as being at greatest risk for contracting this type of hepatitis?
- A. Low income families living in cramped quarters.
- B. Sexually active persons with multiple partners.
- C. IV drug users who share needles.
- D. Those who have recently received a blood transfusion.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hepatitis A spreads primarily through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated food or water. Low-income families in cramped quarters are at higher risk due to increased exposure to unsanitary conditions and poor hygiene practices.
The community health nurse determines that the average family income of a certain community is $67,000 per year with a range of $27,000 to $102,000. Based on this demographic information, which additional information is important for the nurse to assess?
- A. Characteristics of familles in the upper-middle class.
- B. The reliability of such a high average family income.
- C. The frequency of incomes above and below the average.
- D. Interventions focused on college-educated individuals.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Assessing income distribution frequency reveals socioeconomic disparities, guiding targeted interventions to address the needs of both lower and higher-income groups within the community.
The community health nurse believes that immunization rates in a lower-socioeconomic section of the city are probably below the target set by the state health department. Which action should the nurse take first to intervene with this health problem?
- A. Review current epidemiological population data that might document a low immunization rate.
- B. Call a meeting of citizens to inform them of the importance of having their children immunized.
- C. Join a political action group that focuses attention on the issue in the local news media.
- D. Partner with a local children's hospital in setting up free 'shot' clinics in the neighborhood.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reviewing epidemiological data confirms the extent of low immunization rates, providing a foundation for targeted interventions.
After assessing the health care needs of an elementary school, the nurse determines that an increased prevalence of pediculosis capitis is a priority problem. The nurse develops a 2-month program with the goal to eradicate the condition in the school. The program includes educational pamphlets sent home to parents and regular assessment of children by the school nurse. Which action should the nurse implement to evaluate the effectiveness of the program?
- A. Evaluate the teacher's ability to identify pediculosis capitis 2 months after initiation of the program.
- B. Measure the prevalence of pediculosis capitis among the children after four months.
- C. Survey parents 3 weeks after pamphlets are sent home to assess their understanding of the condition.
- D. Conduct an initial examination of each child in the school to obtain baseline data.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Measuring prevalence after the program compares pre- and post-intervention rates, directly assessing the program's success in reducing pediculosis cases.