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A nurse is obtaining information about a client?s sleep patterns and asks him about the total amount of sleep time compared with the amount of time spent in bed. The nurse is assessing which of the following?
- A. Sleep latency
- B. Sleep architecture
- C. Sleep efficiency
- D. Sleep-wake cycle
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sleep efficiency (C) is the ratio of total sleep time to time spent in bed, directly assessed by this question. Sleep latency (A) is the time to fall asleep, architecture (B) refers to sleep stages, and sleep-wake cycle (D) is broader.
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The nurse is discussing sleep enhancing strategies with a client who is experiencing insomnia. Which of the following would be most appropriate for the nurse to suggest?
- A. Eat right before you go to bed as long as it is something rich that will make you sleepy.
- B. Try exercising a bit right before your bedtime so you will feel tired and sleepy.
- C. Drinking a warm cup of tea right before bedtime will help to relax you.
- D. Establish a regular time for going to bed and getting up in the morning.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Establishing a regular sleep schedule (D) promotes circadian rhythm stability, a key strategy for insomnia. Eating before bed (A) can disrupt sleep, exercise close to bedtime (B) may increase arousal, and tea (C) may contain caffeine, worsening insomnia.
A nurse is working with a psychiatric client who was admitted to the inpatient facility and is being discharged. The client asks the nurse what he should do when he goes home to promote getting adequate sleep. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. Go to bed at the same time every night and watch a television show that relaxes you.
- B. Save your bedroom for sleeping; that means no work and no TV in the bedroom.
- C. Why don?t you ask your psychiatrist for a prescription for a sleeping pill?
- D. Make sure to keep the bedroom warm and toasty.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reserving the bedroom for sleep (B) is a stimulus control technique that strengthens the association between the bedroom and sleep. TV watching (A) can disrupt sleep, sleeping pills (C) are not a first-line recommendation, and a warm bedroom (D) may interfere with sleep.
A group of nursing students is reviewing the various agents used to treat insomnia. The students demonstrate an understanding of the information when they identify which agent as a melatonin receptor agonist?
- A. Trazodone
- B. Estazolam
- C. Mirtazapine
- D. Ramelteon
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ramelteon (D) is a melatonin receptor agonist used for insomnia. Trazodone (A) and mirtazapine (C) are antidepressants, and estazolam (B) is a benzodiazepine.
A nursing instructor is describing the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as being greater in individuals with mental health disorders. Which disorders would the instructor include as being associated with OSA? Select all that apply.
- A. Depression
- B. Borderline personality disorder
- C. Schizophrenia
- D. Posttraumatic stress disorder
- E. Anxiety
Correct Answer: A,D,E
Rationale: OSA is associated with depression (A), PTSD (D), and anxiety (E) due to shared physiological and psychological stressors. Borderline personality disorder (B) and schizophrenia (C) have weaker associations with OSA.
A nurse is giving a presentation to a community group about sleep and its relationship to health. In explaining the relationship between REM sleep and body temperature, which statement by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. There is no observable relationship between REM sleep and body temperature.
- B. With higher levels of REM sleep, we also experience higher body temperatures.
- C. Our REM sleep and body temperature cycles are inversely related.
- D. The extent of our experience of REM sleep is directly proportional to a rise in body temperature.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Body temperature decreases during REM sleep due to reduced thermoregulation, making the cycles inversely related (C). No relationship (A) is incorrect, higher REM with higher temperatures (B) and direct proportionality (D) contradict physiological evidence.