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A nurse is planning an educational event for a local group of citizens who live with a variety of physical and cognitive disabilities. What variable should the nurse prioritize when planning this event?
- A. Health-promotion needs of the group
- B. Relationships between participants and caregivers
- C. Wellness state of each individual
- D. Learning needs of caregivers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse must be aware of the participants specific health-promotion needs when teaching specific groups of people with physical and mental disabilities. This is a priority over the relationships between participants and caregivers, each persons wellness state, or caregivers learning needs.
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A parish nurse is describing the relationships between health and physical fitness to a group of older adults who all attend the same church. What potential benefits of a regular exercise program should the nurse describe? Select all that apply.
- A. Decreased cholesterol levels
- B. Delayed degenerative changes
- C. Improved sensory function
- D. Improved overall muscle strength
- E. Increased blood sugar levels
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: Clinicians and researchers who have examined the relationship between health and physical fitness have found that a regular exercise program can promote health in the following ways: by decreasing cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels; delaying degenerative changes, such as osteoporosis; and improving flexibility and overall muscle strength and endurance. Physical fitness does not improve the senses or increase blood sugar.
A nurse recognizes that individuals of different ages have specific health promotion needs. When planning to promote health among young adults, what subject is most likely to meet this demographic groups learning needs?
- A. Family planning
- B. Management of risky behaviors
- C. Physical fitness
- D. Relationship skills training
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Because of the nationwide emphasis on health during the reproductive years, young adults actively seek programs that address prenatal health, parenting, family planning, and womens health issues. The other options are incorrect because they are not health promotion classes typically sought out by young adults.
A nurse has been studying research that examines the association between stress levels and negative health outcomes. Which relationship should underlie the educational interventions that the nurse chooses to teach?
- A. Stress impairs sleep patterns.
- B. Stress decreases immune function.
- C. Stress increases weight.
- D. Stress decreases concentration.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Studies have shown the negative effects of stress on health and a cause-and-effect relationship between stress and infectious diseases, traumatic injuries (e.g., motor vehicle crashes), and some chronic illnesses. It is well known that stress decreases the immune response, thereby making individuals more susceptible to infectious diseases. The other options can also be correct in certain individuals, but they are not those that best support stress-reduction initiatives.
A nurse is planning care for an older adult who lives with a number of chronic health problems. For which of the following nursing diagnoses would education of the patient be the nurses highest priority?
- A. Risk for impaired physical mobility related to joint pain
- B. Functional urinary incontinence related decreased mobility
- C. Activity intolerance related to contractures
- D. Risk for ineffective health maintenance related to nonadherence to therapeutic regimen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For some nursing diagnoses, education is a primary nursing intervention. These diagnoses include risk for ineffective management of therapeutic regimen, risk for impaired home management, health-seeking behaviors, and decisional conflict. The other options do not have patient education as the highest priority, though each necessitates a certain degree of education.
The nurse is teaching a local community group about the importance of disease prevention. Why is the nurse justified in emphasizing disease prevention as a component of health promotion?
- A. Prevention is emphasized as the link between personal behavior and health.
- B. Most Americans die of preventable causes.
- C. Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) now emphasize prevention as the main criterion of health care.
- D. External environment affects the outcome of most disease processes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Healthy People 2020 defines the current national health-promotion and disease-prevention initiative for the nation. The overall goals are to (1) increase the quality and years of healthy life for people and (2) eliminate health disparities among various segments of the population. Most deaths are not classified as being preventable. HMO priorities do not underlie this emphasis. The external environment affects many disease processes, but the course of illness is primarily determined by factors intrinsic to the patient.