Nokea
A nurse is planning to administer a first dose of Captopril to a client who has hypertension. Which of the following medications can intensify first dose hypotension? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Simvastatin
- B. Hydrochlorothiazide
- C. aliskiren
- D. Clonidine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diuretics , clonidine , and aliskiren enhance hypotension with captopril's first dose.
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What does the nurse understand must occur in order to produce withdrawal syndrome?
- A. Addiction
- B. Craving
- C. Drug tolerance
- D. Physical dependence
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Physical dependence causes withdrawal when a drug stops; addiction or tolerance don't suffice. Patients who develop a physical dependence on a drug will experience withdrawal syndrome when the drug is stopped.
Which of the following is the mechanism of action of iodides:
- A. Inhibits organification of iodine
- B. By inhibiting \mathrm{Na}+/ \mathrm{l} - simporter reduce iodine transport in thyroid gland
- C. Inhibits production of trioodthyronine form tetraiodthyronine on periphery
- D. Stimulates peroxidase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Iodides inhibit iodine organification, reducing thyroid hormone synthesis in high doses.
Cara is taking levetiracetam (Keppra) to treat seizures. Routine education for levetiracetam includes reminding her:
- A. To not abruptly discontinue levetiracetam due to risk for withdrawal seizures
- B. To wear sunscreen due to photosensitivity from levetiracetam
- C. To get an annual eye exam while on levetiracetam
- D. To report weight loss if it occurs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Abrupt discontinuation of levetiracetam risks withdrawal seizures.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are useful in a variety of disorders. Which of the following statements are true about both its usefulness in the disorder and the reason for its use?
- A. Stable angina because it decreases the thickening of vascular walls due to decreased modified release.
- B. Heart failure because it reduces remodeling of injured myocardial tissues.
- C. Both 1 and 2 are true and the reasons are correct.
- D. Both 1 and 2 are true but the reasons are wrong.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ACE inhibitors reduce myocardial remodeling in heart failure; they are not used for stable angina.
A patient comes to the ER having his quadriceps muscle constantly contracted, you should give him:
- A. Norepinephrine to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system
- B. An antagonist for Norepinephrine
- C. Agonist for acetylcholine
- D. Both B and C
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Both B and C are correct: a norepinephrine antagonist (e.g., beta-blocker) or acetylcholine agonist (e.g., to relax via parasympathetic action) could relieve muscle contraction.