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A nurse is planning to administer medication to an older adult client who has dysphagia. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
- A. Tilt the client's head back when administering the medications
- B. Mix the medications with a semisolid food for the client
- C. Administer more than one pill to the client at a time
- D. Place the medications on the back of the client's tongue
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mix the medications with a semisolid food for the client. This is the safest option for a client with dysphagia as it reduces the risk of choking or aspiration. Mixing medications with food can help make swallowing easier and safer for the client. Tilt the client's head back (A) can increase the risk of choking. Administering more than one pill at a time (C) can lead to swallowing difficulties. Placing medications on the back of the tongue (D) can trigger a gag reflex in clients with dysphagia.
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A nurse is assessing a client who has hypermagnesemia. Which of the following medications should the nurse prepare to administer?
- A. Protamine sulfate
- B. Acetylcysteine
- C. Calcium gluconate
- D. Flumazenil
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Calcium gluconate. In hypermagnesemia, there is an excess of magnesium in the blood, leading to muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, and respiratory depression. Calcium gluconate is the antidote for hypermagnesemia as it works by antagonizing the effects of magnesium. By administering calcium gluconate, the nurse can help reverse the symptoms associated with hypermagnesemia and restore normal calcium levels in the body. Protamine sulfate (Choice A) is used to reverse the effects of heparin, acetylcysteine (Choice B) is used as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose, and flumazenil (Choice D) is used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepines. These medications are not indicated for hypermagnesemia.
A nurse is assessing a client following the administration of ondansetron (Zofran). Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the ondansetron has been effective?
- A. Client reports a decrease in pain
- B. Client reports a decrease in nausea
- C. Client reports a decrease in coughing
- D. Client reports a decrease in diarrhea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Client reports a decrease in nausea. Ondansetron is primarily used to treat nausea and vomiting. If the client reports a decrease in nausea, it indicates that the medication has been effective in managing this specific symptom. Decrease in pain (choice A) is not directly related to the action of ondansetron. Choices C (decrease in coughing) and D (decrease in diarrhea) are not typical indications of ondansetron's effectiveness. It is important for the nurse to focus on the specific expected outcome of the medication, which is the reduction of nausea and vomiting.
A nurse is monitoring laboratory values for a client who has chronic heart failure and is receiving digoxin. Which of the following values should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Sodium 1.38 mEq/dL
- B. Magnesium 1.5 mEq/L
- C. BUN level 10 mg/dL
- D. Potassium 2.9 mEq/L
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Potassium 2.9 mEq/L. Low potassium levels can predispose the client to digoxin toxicity, leading to potentially life-threatening arrhythmias. Hypokalemia increases the risk of digoxin binding to cardiac tissue, enhancing its toxic effects. The nurse should report this value to the provider immediately for prompt intervention to prevent complications.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Sodium 1.38 mEq/dL - Low sodium levels are not directly related to digoxin toxicity.
B: Magnesium 1.5 mEq/L - While magnesium levels are important for cardiac function, they are not as directly linked to digoxin toxicity as potassium.
C: BUN level 10 mg/dL - BUN levels are not specific indicators of digoxin toxicity.
Summary: Potassium levels are crucial to monitor in clients taking digoxin due to the risk of toxicity. Sodium, magnesium, and BUN levels are important but not as
A nurse accidentally administers the medication metformin instead of metoprolol to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Monitor the client's thyroid function levels.
- B. Collect the client's uric acid level.
- C. Obtain the client's HDL level.
- D. Check the client's glucose level.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Check the client's glucose level. Metformin is a medication used to treat diabetes, so administering it instead of metoprolol could lead to hypoglycemia. Checking the client's glucose level will help determine if the client is experiencing low blood sugar levels due to the medication error. Monitoring thyroid function (A), collecting uric acid levels (B), and obtaining HDL levels (C) are not relevant in this situation and would not address the immediate concern of potential hypoglycemia.
A nurse is caring for a client who has breast cancer and reports pain. 1 hr after administration of prescribed morphine 10 mg IV. Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer?
- A. Naloxone IV
- B. Morphine tablet
- C. Lidocaine patch
- D. Fentanyl transmucosal
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fentanyl transmucosal. Fentanyl is a potent opioid used for severe pain, and transmucosal administration provides rapid relief. Naloxone (A) is an opioid antagonist used to reverse opioid overdose, not for pain management. Morphine tablet (B) is not indicated for immediate relief after IV morphine. Lidocaine patch (C) is used for localized pain, not post-IV opioid pain control. Therefore, fentanyl transmucosal (D) is the most appropriate choice for rapid pain relief in this scenario.