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A nurse is preparing a client for surgery. The client refuses to remove a religious medal. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Ask the family to remove the medal
- B. Place the medal in a safe place for the client
- C. Allow the client to keep the medal during surgery
- D. Inform the client that the medal must be removed
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is to allow the client to keep the medal during surgery. Clients may retain religious medals or jewelry during surgery if it does not interfere with the procedure. Asking the family to remove the medal (Choice A) may not be respecting the client's wishes. Placing the medal in a safe place for the client (Choice B) may cause distress to the client who wants to keep it. Informing the client that the medal must be removed (Choice D) disregards the client's beliefs and preferences.
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A nurse discovers a discrepancy in the narcotics log. What is the appropriate next step?
- A. Correct the log and notify the pharmacy.
- B. Report the discrepancy to the nurse manager.
- C. Re-administer the narcotic.
- D. Dispose of the narcotic and note the discrepancy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a nurse discovers a discrepancy in the narcotics log, the appropriate next step is to report the discrepancy to the nurse manager. This is important to ensure that the issue is properly investigated and addressed. Choice A is incorrect because simply correcting the log and notifying the pharmacy may not address the root cause of the discrepancy. Choice C is incorrect as re-administering the narcotic without clarification could lead to potential harm or legal issues. Choice D is incorrect as disposing of the narcotic without following proper protocols and documentation could result in further complications.
The nurse is caring for a patient with an incision. Which actions will best indicate an understanding of medical and surgical asepsis for a sterile dressing change?
- A. Donning sterile gown and gloves to remove the wound dressing
- B. Utilizing clean gloves to remove the dressing and clean supplies for the new dressing
- C. Utilizing clean gloves to remove the dressing and sterile supplies for the new dressing
- D. Donning clean goggles, gown, and gloves to dress the wound
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Choice C is the correct answer. When performing a sterile dressing change, it is essential to use clean gloves to remove soiled dressings and sterile gloves and supplies for applying the new dressing. This helps maintain aseptic technique and reduce the risk of introducing pathogens to the wound. Choices A, B, and D involve incorrect use of sterile and clean supplies, which can compromise the sterility of the procedure and increase the risk of infection.
A healthcare provider is assessing a patient with dehydration. Which finding indicates the patient's condition is worsening?
- A. Dry mucous membranes.
- B. Tachycardia and low blood pressure.
- C. Bradycardia and shallow respirations.
- D. Clear lung sounds.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tachycardia and low blood pressure are indicative of worsening dehydration in a patient. Tachycardia is the body's compensatory mechanism to maintain cardiac output in response to decreased intravascular volume, while low blood pressure reflects inadequate perfusion due to decreased fluid levels. Bradycardia and shallow respirations are not typical findings in worsening dehydration, and clear lung sounds do not directly correlate with the severity of dehydration.
A nursing instructor is observing a nursing student practicing standard precautions. Which observation by the instructor indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. The nursing student wears a gown to change the bed of an incontinent client.
- B. The nursing student washes hands before making contact with the client.
- C. The nursing student washes her hands before glove removal after emptying a Foley bag.
- D. The nursing student changes gloves between tasks and procedures.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The nursing student washing her hands before glove removal after emptying a Foley bag indicates a need for further teaching. Hands should be washed after glove removal to maintain proper infection control. Choice A is correct as wearing a gown when changing the bed of an incontinent client is a standard precaution. Choice B is correct as washing hands before making contact with the client is a good practice. Choice D is correct as changing gloves between tasks and procedures is a standard precaution to prevent the spread of infection.
What is the priority action when a patient is experiencing an allergic reaction to a medication?
- A. Monitor the patient's blood pressure every 15 minutes.
- B. Discontinue the medication and notify the healthcare provider.
- C. Administer an antihistamine to reduce symptoms.
- D. Monitor the patient's urine output closely.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to discontinue the medication and notify the healthcare provider when a patient is experiencing an allergic reaction to a medication. This action is crucial to prevent further harm to the patient. Monitoring blood pressure (choice A) or urine output (choice D) may be important but is not the priority when managing an allergic reaction. Administering an antihistamine (choice C) should only be done after discontinuing the medication and consulting with the healthcare provider.