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A nurse is preparing to administer enteral feedings to a client with an NG tube. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Flush the tube with 100 mL of water
- B. Verify tube placement
- C. Elevate the head of the bed
- D. Measure the residual gastric volume
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Verifying tube placement is the priority action the nurse should take before administering enteral feedings. This step ensures that the NG tube is correctly positioned, reducing the risk of complications such as aspiration pneumonia. Flushing the tube with water, elevating the head of the bed, and measuring residual gastric volume are important steps in enteral feeding administration but come after verifying tube placement. Flushing the tube with water helps clear the tubing, elevating the head of the bed reduces the risk of aspiration, and measuring residual gastric volume helps assess the client's tolerance to feedings.
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A client who is postoperative following abdominal surgery is at risk for constipation due to which behavior?
- A. Increased fiber intake
- B. Decreased fluid intake
- C. Frequent urge suppression
- D. Increased physical activity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Postoperative clients are at risk for constipation due to various factors, including decreased fluid intake. Insufficient fluid consumption can lead to hardening of stools, making them difficult to pass. Increased fiber intake (choice A) is actually beneficial for preventing constipation as it adds bulk to the stool. Frequent urge suppression (choice C) can contribute to constipation by disrupting normal bowel habits. Increased physical activity (choice D) generally helps promote bowel movements and reduce the risk of constipation.
A healthcare professional is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection to a client. What is the appropriate site for the injection to avoid injury?
- A. Deltoid
- B. Ventrogluteal
- C. Rectus femoris
- D. Dorsogluteal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ventrogluteal site is the preferred site for intramuscular injections to avoid injury to nerves or blood vessels. The deltoid site is commonly used for vaccines but has a higher risk of hitting the radial nerve. The rectus femoris site is not typically recommended for intramuscular injections. The dorsogluteal site is contraindicated due to the proximity to the sciatic nerve and major blood vessels.
A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What instruction should the nurse include to help improve oxygenation?
- A. Avoid physical activity
- B. Use pursed-lip breathing during activities
- C. Limit sun exposure
- D. Perform weight-bearing exercises
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Use pursed-lip breathing during activities.' Pursed-lip breathing improves oxygenation by keeping airways open longer, facilitating better exhalation of carbon dioxide. Choice A is incorrect because avoiding physical activity can lead to deconditioning and worsen oxygenation. Choice C is irrelevant to improving oxygenation in COPD. Choice D is not directly related to improving oxygenation in COPD; weight-bearing exercises are important for bone health but not for oxygenation.
A client is reviewing a medical record for advance directives. Which client statement indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I don't need a living will because my family will make decisions.
- B. My living will takes effect only if I lose consciousness.
- C. My family will decide when to follow my living will.
- D. I can change my living will at any time.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because clients can change their living will at any time as long as they are mentally competent. Choice A is incorrect because relying solely on family to make decisions may not align with the client's wishes. Choice B is incorrect because a living will can address various situations, not just loss of consciousness. Choice C is incorrect because the client should be the primary decision-maker regarding their living will, not the family.
A nurse is preparing to administer a medication to a client with a nasogastric (NG) tube. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Administer the medication with a straw
- B. Flush the NG tube with 30 mL of water before administration
- C. Crush all medications together
- D. Mix the medication with pudding
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take when administering medication to a client with a nasogastric (NG) tube is to flush the NG tube with 30 mL of water before administration. Flushing the tube with water helps ensure the patency of the tube and prevents clogging. Choice A is incorrect because administering the medication with a straw is not a recommended practice for NG tube administration. Choice C is incorrect because crushing all medications together may lead to potential drug interactions. Choice D is incorrect because mixing the medication with pudding is not a standard method for administering medication through an NG tube.