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A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a client through a nasogastric (NG) tube. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Crush all the medications and mix them together in water
- B. Flush the NG tube with 10 mL of air before each medication
- C. Dissolve each medication separately and flush with water between medications
- D. Administer all medications at the same time
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take when administering medications through an NG tube is to dissolve each medication separately and flush with water between medications. This practice helps prevent interactions between medications and ensures that each medication is delivered effectively. Option A is incorrect as mixing all medications together can lead to chemical interactions or alter the effectiveness of the medications. Option B is incorrect because flushing the NG tube with air is not recommended and may cause harm. Option D is incorrect as administering all medications at the same time does not allow for proper absorption and interaction control.
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A nurse is assisting with meal planning for a client who has been prescribed a mechanical soft diet. Which food should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?
- A. Steamed carrots
- B. Orange slices
- C. Mashed potatoes
- D. Baked chicken
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct! Orange slices should be avoided by clients on a mechanical soft diet as they can be difficult to chew and swallow. Steamed carrots, mashed potatoes, and baked chicken are suitable choices for a mechanical soft diet, as they are softer in texture and easier to consume without posing a risk of choking or swallowing difficulties.
A nurse is caring for a client who reports a decrease in the effectiveness of their arthritis medication. What factor should the nurse identify as contributing to this decrease?
- A. Improved mobility
- B. Bowel inflammation
- C. Long-term use of the medication
- D. Frequent dehydration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bowel inflammation. Bowel inflammation can decrease the absorption of medications, reducing their effectiveness. Improved mobility (choice A) would generally not contribute to a decrease in medication effectiveness. Long-term use of the medication (choice C) may lead to tolerance but would not directly cause a decrease in effectiveness. Frequent dehydration (choice D) can affect overall health but is not a direct factor in the medication's effectiveness for arthritis.
A nurse is caring for a client who has experienced a seizure. What should the nurse do immediately after the seizure?
- A. Administer oxygen
- B. Document the seizure activity
- C. Turn the client on their side
- D. Reassure the client
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: After a client experiences a seizure, the nurse should immediately turn the client on their side. This action helps maintain an open airway and prevents aspiration, as it allows any secretions or vomitus to drain from the mouth. Administering oxygen can be necessary if the client is hypoxic, but turning the client on their side takes precedence to prevent complications. While documenting the seizure activity is important for the client's medical record, ensuring the client's immediate safety by positioning them correctly is the priority. Reassuring the client should follow after ensuring their physical safety.
A nurse is preparing to perform a sterile dressing change for a client who has a surgical wound. What should the nurse do to prevent contamination?
- A. Wear non-sterile gloves
- B. Apply sterile gloves over non-sterile gloves
- C. Change gloves if the sterile solution splashes onto the sterile field
- D. Cover the sterile field with a sterile drape
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. If sterile solution splashes onto the sterile field, it is considered contaminated. Changing gloves in this situation ensures that the sterility of the dressing change is maintained. Choice A is incorrect as non-sterile gloves would introduce contaminants. Choice B is incorrect as layering gloves can increase the risk of contamination. Choice D is incorrect as covering the sterile field with a sterile drape is not the appropriate action to take in response to contamination.
A client is being taught by a nurse about the correct use of a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). What instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Inhale for 1 second
- B. Hold the inhaler 1-2 inches from the mouth
- C. Exhale immediately after inhaling
- D. Hold the inhaler directly at the lips
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction the nurse should include when teaching a client about using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is to hold the inhaler 1-2 inches from the mouth. This distance ensures proper delivery of the medication into the airways. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because inhaling for a specific duration, exhaling immediately after inhaling, or holding the inhaler directly at the lips are not recommended practices for the correct use of an MDI.