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A nurse is preparing to administer routine immunizations to a 4-month-old infant. The infant is currently up to date on all previously recommended immunizations. Which immunizations will the nurse prepare to administer? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)
- B. Rotavirus (RV)
- C. Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTaP)
- D. Varicella
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A 4-month-old infant who is up to date on routine immunizations would not need the Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), Varicella, or Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB) vaccines at this time. These vaccines are typically administered at older ages based on the recommended immunization schedule.
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Which of the following is an important preventive factor that the nurse should teach a client with rhinitis?
- A. Not to blow the nose
- B. Not to lift objects weighing more than 5-10 lb
- C. To consume small doses of ice chips
- D. To wash hands frequently
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Washing hands frequently is an important preventive factor that the nurse should teach a client with rhinitis. Rhinitis is characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the nose, leading to symptoms such as a runny or stuffy nose. Rhinitis can be caused by viruses, bacteria, allergens, or irritants. By washing hands frequently, the client can reduce the risk of coming into contact with these pathogens and reduce the likelihood of exacerbating their symptoms or developing complications. Handwashing is a simple yet effective way to prevent the spread of infections and maintain good overall health.
You are meeting parents of a 5-year-old boy; the mother is wondering about the normal sexual behavior of her child. Of the following, the sexual behavior that is considered HIGHLY unusual in this age group is
- A. touching his genitals in public
- B. showing his genitals to others
- C. undressing in public
- D. imitating intercourse or other adult sexual behaviors
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Imitating adult sexual behaviors is highly unusual and concerning in young children, suggesting possible exposure to inappropriate content or experiences.
Which of the following malignant tumors is least likely to occur in adults in comparison with children?
- A. acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
- B. osteosarcoma
- C. medulloblastoma
- D. retinoblastoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Retinoblastoma predominantly occurs in children under 5 years of age, making it the least likely to occur in adults.
A 15-month-old toddler was able to do all the following EXCEPT
- A. walks alone
- B. makes tower of 3 cubes
- C. inserts raisin in a bottle
- D. responds to his/her name
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Responding to name usually occurs earlier, around 6-9 months.
The MOST common cause of obstructive sleep apnea in children is
- A. obesity
- B. allergies
- C. adenotonsillar hypertrophy
- D. pharyngeal reactive edema due to gastroesophageal reflux
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the leading cause of obstructive sleep apnea in children.