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A nurse is preparing to perform a sterile dressing change for a client who has a surgical wound. What should the nurse do to prevent contamination?
- A. Wear non-sterile gloves
- B. Apply sterile gloves over non-sterile gloves
- C. Change gloves if the sterile solution splashes onto the sterile field
- D. Cover the sterile field with a sterile drape
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. If sterile solution splashes onto the sterile field, it is considered contaminated. Changing gloves in this situation ensures that the sterility of the dressing change is maintained. Choice A is incorrect as non-sterile gloves would introduce contaminants. Choice B is incorrect as layering gloves can increase the risk of contamination. Choice D is incorrect as covering the sterile field with a sterile drape is not the appropriate action to take in response to contamination.
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A healthcare professional is teaching a client about the use of a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). Which instruction should the professional include?
- A. Inhale for 1 second
- B. Shake the inhaler vigorously
- C. Hold the inhaler 5-7 cm away from the mouth
- D. Hold breath for 5 seconds after inhalation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction when using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is to shake the inhaler vigorously before use. Shaking the inhaler ensures proper mixing of the medication, which is crucial for effective delivery of the medication into the lungs. Inhaling for a specific duration, holding the inhaler at a certain distance from the mouth, or holding the breath after inhalation are not as critical as ensuring proper mixing of the medication by shaking the inhaler.
A healthcare professional is reviewing the laboratory values of a client who is experiencing fluid volume deficit (FVD). What finding should the professional expect?
- A. Decreased hematocrit
- B. Increased hematocrit
- C. Decreased white blood cell count
- D. Increased red blood cell count
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Increased hematocrit.' In fluid volume deficit (FVD), there is a decrease in the amount of fluid in the blood vessels, leading to hemoconcentration. This results in an increase in hematocrit levels. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because a decrease in hematocrit, decrease in white blood cell count, and an increase in red blood cell count are not typically seen in fluid volume deficit.
A nurse is caring for a client who has an indwelling urinary catheter. What finding indicates a catheter occlusion?
- A. Bladder distention
- B. Bladder spasms
- C. Hematuria
- D. Increased urine output
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bladder distention is the correct finding that indicates a catheter occlusion. When the catheter is occluded, urine cannot drain properly, leading to the build-up of urine in the bladder, causing distention. Bladder spasms (Choice B) are not typically associated with catheter occlusion but may indicate irritation or infection. Hematuria (Choice C) refers to blood in the urine and is not specific to catheter occlusion. Increased urine output (Choice D) is not indicative of catheter occlusion but may suggest other conditions like diabetes insipidus.
A nurse is preparing to administer enteral feedings to a client with an NG tube. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Flush the tube with 100 mL of water
- B. Verify tube placement
- C. Elevate the head of the bed
- D. Measure the residual gastric volume
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Verifying tube placement is the priority action the nurse should take before administering enteral feedings. This step ensures that the NG tube is correctly positioned, reducing the risk of complications such as aspiration pneumonia. Flushing the tube with water, elevating the head of the bed, and measuring residual gastric volume are important steps in enteral feeding administration but come after verifying tube placement. Flushing the tube with water helps clear the tubing, elevating the head of the bed reduces the risk of aspiration, and measuring residual gastric volume helps assess the client's tolerance to feedings.
A nurse is caring for a client who is postop following abdominal surgery. What behavior should the nurse identify as increasing the client's risk for constipation?
- A. Increased fiber intake
- B. Decreased physical activity
- C. Frequent urge suppression
- D. Adequate sleep
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decreased physical activity. Following abdominal surgery, reduced physical activity can contribute to constipation due to decreased bowel motility. Increased fiber intake (choice A) generally helps prevent constipation by adding bulk to the stool. Frequent urge suppression (choice C) may lead to issues like urinary retention but is not directly linked to constipation. Adequate sleep (choice D) is important for overall recovery but does not significantly impact constipation risk.