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A nurse is providing care for a patient who is postoperative day one following a bowel resection for the treatment of colorectal cancer. How can the nurse best exemplify the QSEN competency of quality improvement?
- A. By liaising with the members of the interdisciplinary care team
- B. By critically appraising the outcomes of care that is provided
- C. By integrating the patients preferences into the plan of care
- D. By documenting care in the electronic health record in a timely fashion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Evaluation of outcomes is central to the QSEN competency of quality improvements. Each of the other listed activities is a component of quality nursing care, but none clearly exemplifies quality improvement activities.
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A group of nursing students are participating in a community health clinic. When providing care in this context, what should the students teach participants about disease prevention?
- A. It is best achieved through attending self-help groups.
- B. It is best achieved by reducing psychological stress.
- C. It is best achieved by being an active participant in the community.
- D. It is best achieved by exhibiting behaviors that promote health.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Today, increasing emphasis is placed on health, health promotion, wellness, and self-care. Health is seen as resulting from a lifestyle oriented toward wellness. Nurses in community health clinics do not teach that disease prevention is best achieved through attending self-help groups, by reducing stress, or by being an active participant in the community, though each of these activities is consistent with a healthy lifestyle.
The view that health and illness are not static states but that they exist on a continuum is central to professional health care systems. When planning care, this view aids the nurse in appreciating which of the following?
- A. Care should focus primarily on the treatment of disease.
- B. A persons state of health is ever-changing.
- C. A person can transition from health to illness rapidly.
- D. Care should focus on the patients compliance with interventions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: By viewing health and illness on a continuum, it is possible to consider a person as being neither completely healthy nor completely ill. Instead, a persons state of health is ever-changing and has the potential to range from high-level wellness to extremely poor health and imminent death. The other answers are incorrect because patient care should not focus just on the treatment of disease. Rapid declines in health and compliance with treatment are not key to this view of health.
A public health nurse has been commissioned to draft a health promotion program that meets the health care needs and expectations of the community. Which of the following focuses is most likely to influence the nurses choice of interventions?
- A. Management of chronic conditions and disability
- B. Increasing need for self-care among a younger population
- C. A shifting focus to disease management
- D. An increasing focus on acute conditions and rehabilitation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In response to current priorities, health care must focus more on management of chronic conditions and disability than in previous times. The other answers are incorrect because the change in focus of health care is not an increasing need for self-care among our aging population; our focus is shifting away from disease management, not toward it; and we are moving away from the management of acute conditions to managing chronic conditions.
The home health nurse is assisting a patient and his family in planning the patients return to work after surgery and the development of postsurgical complications. The nurse is preparing a plan of care that addresses the patients multifaceted needs. To which level of Maslows hierarchy of basic needs does the patients need for self-fulfillment relate?
- A. Physiologic
- B. Transcendence
- C. Love and belonging
- D. Self-actualization
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Maslows highest level of human needs is self-actualization, which includes self-fulfillment, desire to know and understand, and aesthetic needs. The other answers are incorrect because self-fulfillment does not relate directly to them.
A nurse on a medical-surgical unit has asked to represent the unit on the hospitals quality committee. When describing quality improvement programs to nursing colleagues and members of other health disciplines, what characteristic should the nurse cite?
- A. These programs establish consequences for health care professionals actions.
- B. These programs focus on the processes used to provide care.
- C. These programs identify specific incidents related to quality.
- D. These programs seek to justify health care costs and systems.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Numerous models seek to improve the quality of health care delivery. A commonality among them is a focus on the processes that are used to provide care. Consequences, a focus on incidents, and justification for health care costs are not universal characteristics of quality improvement efforts.