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A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What instruction should the nurse include to help improve oxygenation?
- A. Avoid physical activity
- B. Use pursed-lip breathing during activities
- C. Limit sun exposure
- D. Perform weight-bearing exercises
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Use pursed-lip breathing during activities.' Pursed-lip breathing improves oxygenation by keeping airways open longer, facilitating better exhalation of carbon dioxide. Choice A is incorrect because avoiding physical activity can lead to deconditioning and worsen oxygenation. Choice C is irrelevant to improving oxygenation in COPD. Choice D is not directly related to improving oxygenation in COPD; weight-bearing exercises are important for bone health but not for oxygenation.
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A nurse is preparing to administer medications to a client through a nasogastric (NG) tube. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Crush all the medications and mix them together in water
- B. Flush the NG tube with 10 mL of air before each medication
- C. Dissolve each medication separately and flush with water between medications
- D. Administer all medications at the same time
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take when administering medications through an NG tube is to dissolve each medication separately and flush with water between medications. This practice helps prevent interactions between medications and ensures that each medication is delivered effectively. Option A is incorrect as mixing all medications together can lead to chemical interactions or alter the effectiveness of the medications. Option B is incorrect because flushing the NG tube with air is not recommended and may cause harm. Option D is incorrect as administering all medications at the same time does not allow for proper absorption and interaction control.
A nurse is caring for a client who reports pain and burning around the peripheral IV site. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Apply a warm compress
- B. Discontinue the IV line
- C. Increase the IV flow rate
- D. Elevate the limb
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Discontinue the IV line. When a client reports pain and burning around the peripheral IV site, it indicates possible phlebitis, which is inflammation of the vein. The priority action is to discontinue the IV line to prevent further complications such as infection or thrombosis. Applying a warm compress (Choice A) may worsen the inflammation. Increasing the IV flow rate (Choice C) can exacerbate the symptoms and elevate the risk of complications. Elevating the limb (Choice D) may provide comfort, but it does not address the underlying issue of phlebitis. Therefore, the priority action is to discontinue the IV line.
A nurse is performing a focused assessment on a client with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What finding should the nurse expect?
- A. Increased breath sounds
- B. Flushed skin
- C. Nasal flaring
- D. Decreased respiratory rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Flushed skin. Flushed skin is a common finding in clients with COPD who are experiencing dyspnea. Increased breath sounds (choice A) are not typically associated with COPD; they may indicate conditions like pneumonia. Nasal flaring (choice C) is more commonly seen in respiratory distress in pediatric patients. Decreased respiratory rate (choice D) is not a typical finding in COPD and could indicate respiratory depression.
A healthcare professional is teaching a client about the use of a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). Which instruction should the professional include?
- A. Inhale for 1 second
- B. Shake the inhaler vigorously
- C. Hold the inhaler 5-7 cm away from the mouth
- D. Hold breath for 5 seconds after inhalation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction when using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is to shake the inhaler vigorously before use. Shaking the inhaler ensures proper mixing of the medication, which is crucial for effective delivery of the medication into the lungs. Inhaling for a specific duration, holding the inhaler at a certain distance from the mouth, or holding the breath after inhalation are not as critical as ensuring proper mixing of the medication by shaking the inhaler.
A healthcare professional is teaching a group of assistive personnel about the expected integumentary changes in older adults. Which change should the healthcare professional include?
- A. Increase in skin turgor
- B. Increase in subcutaneous fat
- C. Decrease in moisture levels
- D. Increase in oil production
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decrease in moisture levels. In older adults, there is a reduction in oil production, leading to decreased moisture levels in the skin. This change can result in dry skin and increased risk of skin issues. The other choices are incorrect because in older adults, skin turgor tends to decrease, subcutaneous fat may decrease, and oil production typically decreases rather than increases.