Nokea
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the parents of a toddler who has cystic fibrosis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Perform chest percussion and postural drainage at least twice daily.
- B. Restrict intake of foods that contain gluten.
- C. Administer pancreatic enzymes on an empty stomach.
- D. Use a nebulizer to administer a bronchodilator following airway clearance therapy.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Perform chest percussion and postural drainage at least twice daily. This is crucial in managing cystic fibrosis as it helps to loosen and clear mucus from the lungs. Chest percussion and postural drainage can improve lung function and reduce the risk of respiratory infections. Restricting intake of foods that contain gluten (B) is not necessary for cystic fibrosis. Administering pancreatic enzymes on an empty stomach (C) is important but not the priority in this case. Using a nebulizer to administer a bronchodilator following airway clearance therapy (D) is helpful but not as essential as chest percussion and postural drainage.
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What is the purpose of pediatric hospice?
- A. Provide pain relief so the child doesn't know they are dying
- B. Extend the dying process so the child and family can say goodbye
- C. Hasten the dying process to stop the suffering
- D. Support the highest quality of life possible for whatever time remains
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Support the highest quality of life possible for whatever time remains. Pediatric hospice aims to provide comprehensive care to children with life-limiting illnesses, focusing on enhancing their quality of life through physical, emotional, and spiritual support. This approach prioritizes symptom management, comfort, and dignity for the child, ensuring they live as fully as possible until the end. Other choices are incorrect because A does not acknowledge the child's awareness, B may not align with the child's wishes, and C goes against the ethical principles of hospice care.
A child admitted with extensive burns. The nurse notes that there are burns on the child's lips and singed nasal hairs. The nurse should suspect that the child has a(n):
- A. Chemical burn
- B. Inhalation injury
- C. Electrical burn
- D. Hot-water scald
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inhalation injury. The presence of burns on the lips and singed nasal hairs indicate that the child has likely inhaled hot gases or smoke, which can cause damage to the respiratory tract. This is a common finding in cases of inhalation injury resulting from exposure to fire or smoke. Inhalation injury can lead to airway compromise, respiratory distress, and other serious complications. The other choices (A: Chemical burn, C: Electrical burn, D: Hot-water scald) do not specifically indicate damage to the respiratory tract, making them less likely in this scenario.
A six-year-old is scheduled for a cardiac catheterization. Preoperative teaching should be:
- A. Directed to the parents because the patient is too young to understand
- B. Detailed regarding the actual procedure so the patient will know what to expect
- C. Completed several days prior to the procedure so the patient will be prepared
- D. Adapted to the patient's development level
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because preoperative teaching for a six-year-old undergoing cardiac catheterization should be adapted to the patient's development level. This is crucial as it ensures the information is communicated in a way that the child can comprehend and reduces anxiety. Providing information at the appropriate developmental stage helps the child feel more prepared and less fearful. Choice A is incorrect as children as young as six can understand basic concepts with appropriate communication techniques. Choice B may overwhelm the child with unnecessary details. Choice C is incorrect because waiting too long to provide information may increase anxiety.
The nurse is caring for a child with frostbite would expect the patient to display:
- A. Redness and swelling of the hands
- B. Blisters that appear 24 to 48 hours after rewarming
- C. Itching and burning that persists after rewarming
- D. Fever
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because blisters appearing 24 to 48 hours after rewarming is a common symptom of frostbite. This occurs due to damage to the blood vessels and tissues. A: Redness and swelling are more indicative of mild frostbite. C: Itching and burning are not typical symptoms of frostbite. D: Fever is not a common symptom of frostbite.
The nurse caring for an adolescent patient with a diagnosis of goiter knows that goiter is most often caused by?
- A. Kawasaki's disease
- B. Takayasu Disease
- C. Matsuzaki Disease
- D. Hashimoto Disease
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hashimoto Disease. Goiter is most commonly caused by Hashimoto Disease, which is an autoimmune condition where the body attacks the thyroid gland, leading to inflammation and enlargement of the gland. This results in the development of a goiter. Kawasaki's disease (A), Takayasu Disease (B), and Matsuzaki Disease (C) are not typically associated with the development of goiter. A summary of why the other choices are incorrect: A is a systemic vasculitis, B is a type of vasculitis involving the aorta and its main branches, and C is a fictional disease.