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A nurse is providing education to a group of adolescents who are pregnant and attending high school. Which of the following information should the nurse include in their teaching?
- A. The need for supplemental folic acid is greatest during the third trimester
- B. The incidence of high birth weight infants is higher in adolescent pregnancy
- C. Pregnant adolescents need to gain less weight than adult mothers
- D. Caffeinated beverages should be replaced with caffeine-free beverages
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Caffeinated beverages should be replaced with caffeine-free beverages. Pregnant adolescents should limit their caffeine intake as excessive caffeine can lead to complications during pregnancy. Caffeine can cross the placenta and affect the baby's heart rate and sleep patterns. It is important for pregnant adolescents to switch to caffeine-free beverages to ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and baby.
A: The need for supplemental folic acid is not specific to the third trimester, it is important throughout pregnancy.
B: The incidence of high birth weight infants is not necessarily higher in adolescent pregnancy compared to adult mothers.
C: Pregnant adolescents actually need to gain weight within the recommended range, similar to adult mothers, to support fetal growth and development.
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A nurse is counseling a client who is to undergo enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing for HIV. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. The test monitors progression of the disease
- B. The test measures antibodies to the virus
- C. The test results are accurate 24 hr after exposure to the virus
- D. A positive result requires initiating immunoglobulin administration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because ELISA testing for HIV measures antibodies to the virus, indicating exposure to the virus. This is crucial for diagnosing HIV infection. Choice A is incorrect because ELISA does not monitor disease progression. Choice C is incorrect as it takes weeks, not hours, for accurate results post-exposure. Choice D is incorrect as immunoglobulin administration is not the treatment for a positive HIV result.
A nurse is assessing a client with hyperemesis gravidarum. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Oliguria
- B. Diplopia
- C. Hypoglycemia
- D. Dizziness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oliguria. Hyperemesis gravidarum is severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, leading to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Oliguria, decreased urine output, is expected due to dehydration. Diplopia (B) and dizziness (D) are not specific to hyperemesis gravidarum. Hypoglycemia (C) may occur due to poor oral intake but is not a defining feature.
A community health nurse is providing screening for lipid disorders. Which of the following is the primary goal of this activity?
- A. Early detection of disease
- B. Client enrollment in prevention programs
- C. Promotion of appropriate lifestyle changes
- D. Identification of family history of medical problems
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Early detection of disease. The primary goal of screening for lipid disorders is to identify individuals at risk for developing lipid disorders such as high cholesterol levels. Early detection allows for timely intervention and treatment to prevent complications like heart disease. Choice B is incorrect because enrollment in prevention programs is a secondary outcome of screening, not the primary goal. Choice C is also incorrect as promoting lifestyle changes is a part of the intervention phase, not the primary goal of screening. Choice D is incorrect as identifying family history is important but not the primary goal of screening for lipid disorders.
A community health nurse is working with a group of clients. The nurse practices the ethical principle of distributive justice by performing which of the following tasks?
- A. Keeping a promise to visit a client who is housebound after the delivery of care.
- B. Ensuring that a client who is homeless receives preventive medical care.
- C. Being honest with the parents of a child about the need to report suspected abuse.
- D. Accepting the decision of an older adult client to live alone in her home.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Distributive justice refers to fair distribution of resources and services to all individuals, with priority given to those in need. By ensuring that a homeless client receives preventive medical care, the nurse is upholding this principle. This action promotes equity and fairness by addressing the health needs of a vulnerable population.
A: Keeping a promise to visit a housebound client is important for maintaining trust and continuity of care, but it does not directly relate to distributive justice.
C: Being honest about reporting suspected abuse is related to ethical duty and integrity, not distributive justice.
D: Accepting an older adult's decision to live alone respects autonomy and independence, but it is not directly tied to distributive justice.
A nurse is teaching a group of school-age children about healthy snack options. Which of the following snacks should the nurse include?
- A. Cheesecake
- B. Air-popped popcorn
- C. Milkshake made with whole milk
- D. Baked potato chips
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Air-popped popcorn. Popcorn is a whole grain snack that is high in fiber and low in calories, making it a healthy option for school-age children. It provides sustained energy and promotes satiety. It is also a good source of vitamins and minerals. Cheesecake (A) is high in sugar and saturated fat, not a healthy choice. Milkshake made with whole milk (C) is high in sugar and saturated fat, lacking nutritional value. Baked potato chips (D) are still high in fat and calories compared to air-popped popcorn. Overall, air-popped popcorn is the best choice among the options provided for a healthy snack for school-age children.