Nokea
A nurse is providing teaching about formula feeding to the parents of an infant. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Formula that remains in the bottle should not be used for one more feeding.
- B. Formula should be changed to whole milk when the infant is 12 months old.
- C. If the infant is gaining weight too rapidly, do not dilute the formula.
- D. If the infant turns away after taking most of the feeding, stop the feeding.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: If the infant turns away after taking most of the feeding, it indicates they are full, and continuing to feed may lead to overfeeding. Choice A is incorrect because it is not safe to use formula that remains in the bottle for another feeding due to the risk of bacterial contamination. Choice B is incorrect as whole milk should be introduced after the infant is 12 months old, not 9 months old. Choice C is incorrect as diluting formula can compromise the infant's nutrition and should not be done without healthcare provider guidance.
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A nurse is providing discharge teaching about food choices to a client who has hypokalemia. Which of the following foods should the nurse identify as the best source of potassium?
- A. 1 cup grapes
- B. 1 cup shredded lettuce
- C. 1 cup cooked tomatoes
- D. 1 cup apple slices
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cooked tomatoes are high in potassium, which is crucial for maintaining normal cell function, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction, making them a suitable choice for addressing hypokalemia. Grapes, shredded lettuce, and apple slices do not contain as much potassium as cooked tomatoes, so they are not the best choice for addressing hypokalemia.
A nurse is caring for four clients. The nurse should plan to administer total parenteral nutrition for which of the following clients?
- A. A client who is postoperative following a laminectomy and is receiving IV PCA
- B. A client who has dysphagia and does not recognize his family
- C. A client who has COPD and is going home with oxygen
- D. A client who has colon cancer and will undergo a hemicolectomy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is essential for clients undergoing significant surgical procedures like a hemicolectomy to ensure they receive adequate nutrition when oral intake is not possible. Choices A, B, and C do not typically require TPN. Choice A is managing postoperative pain with IV PCA, choice B is likely to need alternative feeding methods due to dysphagia, and choice C is going home with oxygen for COPD management, which does not directly relate to the need for TPN.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a body mass index (BMI) of 30. Four weeks after nutritional counseling, which of the following evaluation findings indicates the plan of care was followed?
- A. BMI of 25
- B. Weight gain of 1.8 kg
- C. BMI of 33
- D. Weight loss of 2.7 kg
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A weight loss of 2.7 kg in four weeks indicates effective adherence to a nutritional plan aimed at reducing body mass index (BMI), moving towards a healthier weight. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because a decrease in weight, as shown in choice D, is the desired outcome when managing a client with a BMI of 30 to reach a healthier range.
A nurse is teaching a client about complete and incomplete proteins. Which of the following foods should the nurse include in the teaching as an incomplete protein?
- A. 4 oz chickpeas
- B. 2 poached eggs
- C. 2 oz cheddar cheese
- D. 4 oz salmon fillet
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 4 oz chickpeas. Chickpeas are considered an incomplete protein because they lack one or more essential amino acids required by the body. Incomplete proteins do not provide all essential amino acids in sufficient quantities. Choice B, 2 poached eggs, is a complete protein source because eggs contain all essential amino acids. Choice C, 2 oz cheddar cheese, is also a complete protein as it contains all essential amino acids. Choice D, 4 oz salmon fillet, is another complete protein source as fish typically provide all essential amino acids needed by the body.
A nurse is teaching a client about strategies to prevent constipation. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. Drinking four to five glasses of water per day will prevent constipation.
- B. I should consume mineral oil once per day.
- C. Eating foods high in fiber will make elimination easier.
- D. I can skip a meal if I feel bloated.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Eating foods high in fiber increases stool bulk and promotes easier elimination, thus preventing constipation. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Drinking water is important, but the emphasis should be on high-fiber foods. Mineral oil is not a recommended first-line treatment for constipation, and skipping meals can disrupt regular bowel movements, potentially leading to constipation.