Nokea
A nurse is providing teaching about nutrition to a client at her first prenatal visit. Which of the following statements by the nurse should be included in the teaching?
- A. Vitamin E requirements decrease during pregnancy due to the increase in body fat.
- B. Prenatal vitamins will meet your need for increased folic acid during pregnancy.
- C. You will need to double your intake of protein during pregnancy.
- D. You will need to increase your intake of calcium during pregnancy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prenatal vitamins provide 600 mcg/day folic acid, meeting pregnancy needs to prevent neural tube defects. Vitamin E needs remain at 15 mg/day, protein increases slightly to 1.1 g/kg/day (not doubled), and calcium needs stay at 1000 mg/day due to enhanced absorption, not requiring an increase.
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A nurse is teaching a pregnant client in her first trimester about discomforts that she may experience. The nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the woman identifies which discomforts as common during the first trimester? Select all that apply.
- A. Breast tenderness
- B. Urinary frequency
- C. Backache
- D. Cravings
- E. Leg cramps
Correct Answer: A,B,D
Rationale: First trimester discomforts include breast tenderness (hormonal growth), urinary frequency (bladder pressure), and cravings (taste changes). Backache and leg cramps typically occur later due to weight and nerve pressure.
A nurse is preparing to infuse 1 liter of 0.9% sodium chloride IV over 8 hr with a tubing set that delivers 15 gtts/mL. The nurse should set the manual IV infusion to deliver how many drops/min?
- A. 31 gtts/min
- B. 30 gtts/min
- C. 32 gtts/min
- D. 29 gtts/min
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Formula: gtts/min = (volume x drop factor) / time. (1000 mL x 15 gtts/mL) / (8 x 60 min) = 15000 / 480 = 31.25, rounded to 31 gtts/min. Other options miscalculate the rate.
A nurse is assessing a client who may be pregnant. The nurse reviews the client's history for presumptive signs. Which signs would the nurse most likely note? Select all that apply.
- A. Nausea
- B. Abdominal enlargement
- C. Positive pregnancy test
- D. Braxton Hicks contractions
- E. Amenorrhea
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Presumptive signs, subjective or non-definitive, include nausea (hormonal), abdominal enlargement (uterine growth), positive pregnancy test (hCG detection), and amenorrhea (missed periods). Braxton Hicks are probable signs, felt later.
Assessment of a pregnant woman and her fetus reveals tachycardia and hypertension. There is also evidence suggesting vasoconstriction. The nurse would question the woman about use of which substance?
- A. Marijuana
- B. Cocaine
- C. Nicotine
- D. Caffeine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cocaine causes tachycardia, hypertension, and vasoconstriction, risking placental abruption and fetal distress. Marijuana causes relaxation, nicotine raises heart rate but vasodilates, and caffeine mildly stimulates but doesn't constrict vessels.
A nurse is planning a presentation about HIV for a church-based group. Which of the following information about HIV transmission should the nurse include?
- A. It is primarily transmitted through mosquitoes.
- B. It is primarily transmitted through accidental puncture wounds.
- C. It is primarily transmitted through casual contact.
- D. It is primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected body fluids.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: HIV spreads mainly through direct contact with infected fluids (blood, semen, vaginal fluid), like during sex or needle sharing. Mosquitoes, casual contact, and puncture wounds (rare) aren't primary modes.