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A nurse is providing teaching to a client about hypothyroidism. Which of the following potentially fatal conditions associated with hypothyroidism will the nurse include?
- A. Myxedema coma
- B. Goiters
- C. Sjogren's syndrome
- D. Hashimoto's disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Myxedema coma. In hypothyroidism, untreated individuals can develop myxedema coma, a severe condition characterized by extreme hypothyroidism leading to decreased mental status, hypothermia, and respiratory depression, which can be fatal if not promptly treated. Myxedema coma is a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention.
B: Goiters are enlarged thyroid glands and are not typically fatal.
C: Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder affecting moisture-producing glands, not directly related to hypothyroidism.
D: Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune condition causing hypothyroidism but does not lead to myxedema coma.
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A nurse is interviewing a school-age child who has intermittent explosive disorder (IED). Which of the following behaviors should the nurse expect the client to exhibit?
- A. Lack of remorse for behavior
- B. Mild outbursts with provocation
- C. Blaming others for their behavior
- D. Difficulty coping with stressors
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lack of remorse for behavior. In intermittent explosive disorder (IED), individuals exhibit sudden and intense episodes of aggression or violence. They may act impulsively without considering consequences or feeling remorse afterward. This lack of remorse is a key characteristic of IED, distinguishing it from other behavioral disorders like conduct disorder where remorse might be present. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because mild outbursts with provocation, blaming others for behavior, and difficulty coping with stressors are not specific to IED but can be seen in various other behavioral disorders or stress-related conditions.
A nurse is assessing a school-age child who recently loaded a virus onto their teacher's computer after receiving a poor grade on a science project. The child's guardian tells the nurse their child often bullies the other kids at school. Which of the following diagnoses should the nurse expect?
- A. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
- B. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- C. Intermittent explosive disorder (IED)
- D. Conduct disorder (CD)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct Answer: D - Conduct disorder (CD)
Rationale:
1. Conduct disorder involves a pattern of behavior that violates the basic rights of others or societal norms.
2. The child's actions of loading a virus onto the teacher's computer and bullying classmates indicate a disregard for rules and the well-being of others.
3. Conduct disorder commonly presents with aggression, deceitfulness, and violation of rules.
4. These behaviors are more severe than those seen in Oppositional Defiant Disorder (A) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (B).
5. Intermittent Explosive Disorder (C) typically involves impulsive aggression, not premeditated actions like intentionally loading a virus.
6. Conduct disorder is the most appropriate diagnosis considering the child's behavior towards others.
Summary:
- A: Oppositional Defiant Disorder - less severe, lacks the pattern of aggression seen in the child's behavior.
- B: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - does not fully capture the intentional harmful behavior
A nurse is caring for a client who has sickle cell anemia. The client asks,Why do I feel so tired and fatigued all of the time? Which of the following information should the nurse provide?
- A. You have had a gastrointestinal bleed.
- B. You have fewer red blood cells.
- C. You have an autoimmune disease.
- D. You have a low ferritin level.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - You have fewer red blood cells.
Rationale: In sickle cell anemia, the abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to become rigid, sticky, and crescent-shaped, leading to decreased oxygen delivery. This results in anemia, leading to fatigue and tiredness. Choice A is incorrect as it does not directly relate to the pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia. Choice C is unrelated to the client's symptoms. Choice D is not specific to the underlying cause of fatigue in sickle cell anemia.
A nurse is caring for a child who has autism spectrum disorder. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Ritualistic behavior
- B. Short attention span
- C. Spinning a toy repetitively
- D. Consistent limit testing
- E. Delayed language development
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: The correct findings for a child with autism spectrum disorder are A, B, C, and E. A: Ritualistic behavior is common in children with ASD due to their need for predictability and routine. B: Short attention span is often seen in children with ASD, affecting their ability to focus on tasks. C: Spinning a toy repetitively is a stereotypical behavior associated with ASD, serving as a self-soothing mechanism. E: Delayed language development is a hallmark feature of ASD, impacting communication skills. These findings align with the core characteristics of ASD. Choices D and beyond are incorrect as they do not typically align with common manifestations of ASD in children.
Which of the following is a characteristic sign of hyperthyroidism?
- A. Cold intolerance
- B. Fatigue and lethargy
- C. Tremors and nervousness
- D. Weight gain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tremors and nervousness. Hyperthyroidism is an overactive thyroid gland leading to an excess of thyroid hormones. Tremors and nervousness are classic symptoms due to the increased metabolic rate. Cold intolerance (A) is a symptom of hypothyroidism, not hyperthyroidism. Fatigue and lethargy (B) are common in hypothyroidism, not hyperthyroidism. Weight gain (D) is also more indicative of hypothyroidism. Therefore, the presence of tremors and nervousness (C) is the characteristic sign of hyperthyroidism.