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A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has fibrocystic breast changes and is experiencing breast discomfort during menstruation. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Increase potassium intake.
- B. Increase fluid intake to 3 liters per day.
- C. Decrease sodium intake before menstruation.
- D. Decrease daily fiber intake.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reducing sodium intake can help decrease fluid retention and reduce breast discomfort associated with fibrocystic breast changes.
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The nurse is providing care for the 34-year-old patient diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome .Which interventions would correlate to the common symptoms of this syndrome? Select all that apply.
- A. The patient has been unsuccessful with the ability to conceive
- B. The patient has a history of painful and irregular menstrual cycles.
- C. The patient has noticed a drastic weight loss and dry skin.
- D. The patient has chronic back pain and gastrointestinal issues
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age that can present with a variety of symptoms. Common symptoms of PCOS include irregular menstrual cycles, weight gain, acne, excessive hair growth, and infertility. Therefore, interventions that may correlate with these common symptoms can include lifestyle modifications like weight management, exercise, dietary changes, hormonal medications to regulate menstrual cycles, and fertility treatments if conception is desired. Treating the symptoms can help improve the patient's quality of life and overall health outcomes.
Which statement describes a key finding of the Human Genome Project?
- A. Humans produce one protein per gene.
- B. All human beings are 99.9% identical at the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) level.
- C. The Human Genome Project has not yet been able to translate the accumulating raw research into anything medically practical.
- D. Humans have more genes than other species.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The majority of the 0.1% genetic variations are found within and not among populations. Most human genes produce at least three proteins. The project's research has been very valuable in the identification of genes involved in disease and in the development of genetic testing. There are 20,500 genes in the human genome; scientists originally estimated more than 50,000 genes. Human genes are more efficient than the genes in other species, thereby increasing the human genetic complexity.
The microscopic examination of scrapings from the cervix, endocervix, or other mucous membranes to detect premalignant or malignant cells is called what?
- A. Bimanual palpation
- B. Rectovaginal palpation
- C. Papanicolaou (Pap) test
- D. Four As procedure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Pap test is used to detect cancer and should be performed regularly depending on the client's age.
A client complains of severe abdominal and pelvic pain around the time of menstruation. This pain has become progressively worse over the last 5 years. She also complains of pain during intercourse and has tried unsuccessfully to become pregnant for the past 18 months. To which condition are these symptoms most likely related?
- A. Endometriosis
- B. PMS
- C. Primary dysmenorrhea
- D. Secondary dysmenorrhea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Endometriosis can cause severe pelvic pain dysmenorrhea dyspareunia and infertility. These symptoms are most indicative of endometriosis.
Which situation is most representative of an extended family?
- A. It includes adoptive children.
- B. It is headed by a single-parent.
- C. It contains children from previous marriages.
- D. It is composed of children, parents, and grandparents living in the same house.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An extended family is a type of family unit that includes not only the nuclear family (parents and children) but also other relatives such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc., all living together or in close proximity. Option D, which states that the family is composed of children, parents, and grandparents living in the same house, is most representative of an extended family structure. This situation reflects the multi-generational aspect of an extended family where multiple generations live together and contribute to the household dynamics.