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A child who has cystic fibrosis
A nurse is reinforcing discharge instructions with a parent of a child who has cystic fibrosis. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will restrict the amount of salt in my child's meals.
- B. I will put my child in daycare to ensure that she socializes with other children.
- C. I will make sure my child washes her hands before eating.
- D. I will provide low-fat meals for my child.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "I will make sure my child washes her hands before eating." This statement indicates an understanding of the teaching because proper handwashing is crucial in preventing infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis who are more susceptible to respiratory infections. By washing hands before eating, the child can reduce the risk of exposure to harmful pathogens.
Choice A is incorrect because restricting salt intake is not a priority in managing cystic fibrosis. Choice B is incorrect as the focus should be on hygiene and health rather than socialization. Choice D is incorrect as children with cystic fibrosis actually require a higher calorie and fat intake.
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A 2-month-old infant whose provider applied a Pavlik harness 1 week earlier for the treatment of developmental hip dysplasia
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the mother of a 2-month-old infant whose provider applied a Pavlik harness 1 week earlier for the treatment of developmental hip dysplasia. Which of the following statements by the mother indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will use powders & lotion on his skin around the harness clasps.
- B. I will remove the harness daily, prior to giving the bath.
- C. I will adjust the harness straps every day.
- D. I will check my baby's skin under the straps frequently.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: I will check my baby's skin under the straps frequently. This is because regularly checking the baby's skin under the harness straps is essential to ensure there are no signs of skin irritation or pressure sores. Failing to do so can lead to skin breakdown and complications.
Choice A is incorrect as using powders and lotions near the clasps can cause friction and increase the risk of skin irritation. Choice B is incorrect as removing the harness daily can disrupt the treatment process and should only be done as instructed by the healthcare provider. Choice C is incorrect as adjusting the harness straps without proper training can affect the effectiveness of the harness and potentially harm the baby.
A school-age child who has cystic fibrosis
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parents of a school-age child who has cystic fibrosis. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
- A. Your child's diet should be high in carbohydrates & proteins with no restriction of fats.
- B. Limit your child's intake of sodium to avoid complications.
- C. A pigeon-shaped chest might become evident as the disease progresses.
- D. Administer a bronchodilator to the child after chest percussion therapy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: A pigeon-shaped chest might become evident as the disease progresses. In cystic fibrosis, the chest may appear pigeon-shaped due to the abnormal growth of the ribs and sternum. This is caused by chronic respiratory issues and increased work of breathing. It is important for the nurse to educate the parents about this potential physical manifestation of the disease so they can monitor their child's condition closely.
Incorrect choices:
A: Your child's diet should be high in carbohydrates & proteins with no restriction of fats - This is incorrect as children with cystic fibrosis often require a high-calorie, high-fat diet to meet their increased energy needs.
B: Limit your child's intake of sodium to avoid complications - While monitoring sodium intake can be important for some conditions, it is not a primary concern in cystic fibrosis.
D: Administer a bronchodilator to the child after chest percussion therapy - While bronchodilators may be used in cystic fib
A child who has iron deficiency anemia
A nurse in a pediatric clinic in caring for a child who has iron deficiency anemia and is to start taking ferrous sulfate syrup. Which of the following Instructions should the nurse give the parent?
- A. Administer the medication at meal time
- B. Administer the medication at bedtime.
- C. Offer the medication through a straw
- D. Dilute the medication with 240 mi. (Bar) of milk
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Offer the medication through a straw. This is because iron supplements can stain teeth, and using a straw can help minimize direct contact with the teeth, reducing the risk of staining. Administering the medication at mealtime (choice A) may cause gastrointestinal upset, and administering it at bedtime (choice B) may increase the risk of staining teeth during sleep. Diluting the medication with milk (choice D) is not recommended as calcium in milk can interfere with iron absorption. Offering the medication through a straw is the best option to ensure effective administration while minimizing side effects.
An 8-year-old child who has sickle cell anemia and is recovering from a vaso-occlusive crisis
A nurse is caring for an 8-year-old child who has sickle cell anemia and is recovering from a vaso-occlusive crisis. Which of the following precautions should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
- A. Drink eight glass of fluid daily.
- B. Maintain an updated hemophilus influence type b immunisation
- C. Avoid playground activities at school
- D. Assume postural drainage positions every 6 hrs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Drink eight glasses of fluid daily. This is crucial for children with sickle cell anemia to prevent dehydration, which can trigger vaso-occlusive crises. Adequate hydration helps maintain blood flow and prevent sickling of red blood cells. Maintaining an updated hemophilus influenzae type b immunization (choice B) is important for preventing infections but is not directly related to vaso-occlusive crises. Avoiding playground activities at school (choice C) is unnecessary as long as the child is careful and stays hydrated. Assuming postural drainage positions every 6 hours (choice D) is not relevant for sickle cell anemia management.
A child who has suspected cystic fibrosis
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about diagnostic tests with the parents of a child who has suspected cystic fibrosis. Which of the following diagnostic tests should the nurse include as the most definitive when diagnosing cystic fibrosis?
- A. Pulmonary function test
- B. Sweat chloride test
- C. Stool fat content analysis
- D. Sputum culture
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sweat chloride test. This test is the most definitive diagnostic tool for cystic fibrosis as it measures the concentration of chloride in sweat, which is typically elevated in individuals with the condition. The other choices are not as specific to cystic fibrosis. A pulmonary function test (A) evaluates lung function but does not specifically diagnose cystic fibrosis. Stool fat content analysis (C) is used to assess fat malabsorption but does not confirm cystic fibrosis. Sputum culture (D) is used to identify respiratory infections but is not specific to cystic fibrosis.