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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about breast self-examinations. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will perform breast exams every other month.
- B. It is common for the skin on my breasts to dimple.
- C. I will perform breast exams the day my period begins.
- D. It is common for one breast to be larger than the other.
- E. I'll only check if I feel pain.
- F. I'll use lotion to make it easier.
- G. I'll skip exams after age 40.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Asymmetry in breast size is normal; exams should be monthly, post-period, and dimpling is a concern.
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A nurse is collecting data from a client who is perimenopausal. Which of the following findings is the priority for the nurse to report to the provider?
- A. Difficulty sleeping
- B. Hot flashes
- C. Vaginal dryness
- D. Urinary frequency
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Perimenopause involves hormonal shifts causing various symptoms, but priority follows clinical urgency. Urinary frequency stands out it could indicate a urinary tract infection, bladder dysfunction, or even a gynecologic issue like prolapse, all requiring prompt evaluation. Difficulty sleeping, hot flashes, and vaginal dryness are classic perimenopausal symptoms from estrogen decline, managed symptomatically unless severe. Frequency, however, suggests a potential complication beyond hormonal changes, possibly impacting renal or pelvic health. Using the ABCs or Maslow's hierarchy, urinary issues tie to elimination needs, outranking sleep or comfort concerns. Reporting this ensures timely diagnosis (e.g., urinalysis) and treatment, preventing progression to pyelonephritis or chronic conditions, making it the most pressing finding to escalate.
A nurse is assisting in the care of the client who has iron deficiency anemia. Which of the following statements indicate the client understands the instructions?
- A. I should increase green leafy vegetables in my diet.
- B. The iron supplement might cause my stools to be black.
- C. I should expect to have swelling in my feet.
- D. I will take my iron supplement 1 hour before a meal.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Iron supplements oxidize in the gut, often turning stools black due to unabsorbed iron a normal, expected effect clients should recognize to avoid alarm. Green leafy vegetables (e.g., spinach) boost dietary iron, but oxalates limit absorption, making this less indicative of supplement-specific teaching. Swelling in feet isn't a typical iron effect edema suggests heart or kidney issues, not anemia treatment. Taking iron 1 hour before meals aids absorption, a good practice, but the question emphasizes understanding therapy outcomes. Black stools confirm the client grasps a common, visible side effect, aligning with education goals (e.g., managing expectations), ensuring adherence and reducing unnecessary worry, making it the clearest sign of comprehension.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching about environmental modifications in the home with a family member of a client who has Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Leave the television on.
- B. Install locks at the top of doors.
- C. Place throw rugs on the floor.
- D. Schedule alternate caregivers.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Locks at the top of doors prevent wandering, a safety concern in Alzheimer's. TV can agitate, rugs are a fall risk, and caregiver scheduling isn't an environmental modification.
A nurse is collecting data from a female client who is postmenopausal. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis?
- A. Congenital heart murmur
- B. Long-term use of prednisone
- C. Monthly vitamin Bâ‚â‚‚ injections
- D. History of kidney stones
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Osteoporosis risk rises postmenopause due to estrogen loss, but long-term prednisone use accelerates bone loss by inhibiting osteoblast activity and calcium absorption, a well-established glucocorticoid effect. Congenital heart murmur affects circulation, not bone density, unless activity is severely limited, which isn't implied. Vitamin Bâ‚â‚‚ injections treat deficiency, indirectly supporting bone health via red cell production, not increasing risk. Kidney stones relate to calcium metabolism but don't directly cause osteoporosis unless chronic disease alters bone remodeling, an uncommon link here. Prednisone's impact is direct, dose-dependent, and significant often warranting bisphosphonates making it the standout risk factor to identify, per osteoporosis screening guidelines (e.g., NOF), for preventive planning.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about breast self-examinations. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will perform breast exams the day my period begins.
- B. I will perform breast exams every other month.
- C. It is common for the skin on my breasts to dimple.
- D. It is common for one breast to be larger than the other.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: It's normal for one breast to be slightly larger than the other, and this statement reflects an accurate understanding of breast anatomy. Dimpling can be a sign of concern, and exams should be done monthly, about a week after the period starts, not on the first day or every other month.