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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a middle-aged client about hypertension. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Plan to have potassium blood levels checked when taking thiazide diuretics.
- B. Limit alcohol consumption to 3 drinks a day when hypertensive.
- C. Set your goal body weight within 25% of ideal body weight.
- D. Plan to lower sodium intake to 3,000 mg each day.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Monitoring potassium levels is essential with thiazide diuretics, which can cause hypokalemia, ensuring safe management of hypertension.
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A nurse is collecting data from a client who has pulmonary tuberculosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. High fever in the early morning.
- B. Fatigue.
- C. Increased appetite.
- D. Night sweats.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Night sweats are a classic symptom of pulmonary tuberculosis, resulting from the body's immune response to the infection.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client who has rheumatoid arthritis and a new prescription for aspirin 650 mg orally every 6 hr. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following adverse effects of aspirin therapy?
- A. Constipation.
- B. Blurred vision.
- C. Insomnia.
- D. Bleeding.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bleeding is a well-known adverse effect of aspirin due to its inhibition of platelet aggregation, increasing the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding or bruising.
A nurse is preparing to administer hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg PO. The amount available is hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg/tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. (Do not use a trailing zero))
Correct Answer: 1 tablet
Rationale: 25 mg ÷ 50 mg/tablet = 0.5 tablets, but since tablets cannot be split without specific instructions, the nurse should administer 1 tablet as per standard practice.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client about following a low-purine diet to manage gout. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands the instructions?
- A. I'll drink white wine, not red.
- B. I'll limit the number of fruit servings I eat each day.
- C. I'll choose red meat instead of poultry.
- D. I'll eliminate liver from my diet.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Organ meats like liver are high in purines and should be eliminated to manage gout effectively, as purines increase uric acid levels.
A nurse is providing care for an older adult client who has hyperglycemia, polydipsia, and polyuria. Which of the following manifestations supports the clinical presentation of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)? (Select All that Apply.)
- A. Acetone breath.
- B. Fever.
- C. Serum glucose 800 mg/dL (74 to 106 mg/dL).
- D. Serum bicarbonate 15 mEq/L (21 to 28 mEq/L).
- E. Insidious onset.
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Fever, serum glucose of 800 mg/dL, and insidious onset are characteristic of HHS, often triggered by infection and marked by extreme hyperglycemia without significant ketoacidosis.