Nokea
A nurse is responsible for determining the incidence rates of hospital-acquired diarrhea on a pediatric ward after receiving reports that five children admitted with uncontrolled asthma had developed diarrhea while hospitalized. The nurse is working in the role of:
- A. quality management.
- B. infection control.
- C. occupational health.
- D. forensics.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: infection control. In this scenario, the nurse is focusing on preventing and controlling the spread of hospital-acquired diarrhea among pediatric patients. By investigating the incidence rates and implementing measures to reduce the risk of infection transmission, the nurse is fulfilling the role of infection control. Quality management (A) focuses on improving processes and outcomes, not specifically on infection prevention. Occupational health (C) involves ensuring workplace safety for employees, not patient infection control. Forensics (D) involves investigating and analyzing evidence related to crimes or legal matters, not infection control in a healthcare setting.
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A 13-year-old female is brought to the family planning clinic by her enraged father, who has just learned that she is pregnant. The pregnant client states, "I want to have this baby and give it up for adoption." However, the father is adamant that she will disgrace the family and demands that the health care providers tell his daughter that she has a physical condition that would prohibit her from carrying this baby to a viable stage. The nurse realizes that this is a conflict that involves the ethical principle of:
- A. deontology.
- B. veracity.
- C. autonomy.
- D. beneficence.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: autonomy. Autonomy refers to a patient's right to make their own decisions about their healthcare, including the right to accept or refuse treatment. In this scenario, the 13-year-old female has expressed her desire to have the baby and give it up for adoption. By respecting her autonomy, healthcare providers must support her decision, even if it goes against her father's wishes.
A: Deontology is a moral theory that emphasizes the importance of following moral rules and duties. While autonomy is a principle within deontology, the main focus in this scenario is on respecting the patient's autonomy rather than following a specific moral rule.
B: Veracity refers to the principle of truth-telling. While honesty is important in healthcare, the main issue in this scenario is respecting the patient's autonomy rather than truth-telling.
D: Beneficence refers to the duty to do good and promote the well-being of the patient. In this scenario, respecting the patient's autonomy is
A nurse is concerned that the policy of using povidone-iodine (Betadine) to clean foot ulcers may lead to unwarranted allergic reactions and drying of surrounding tissue. A literature review is performed to determine the "best practice" related to care of foot ulcers. This nurse: (select all that apply)
- A. is applying evidence-based practice to the clinical setting.
- B. is using critical thinking to change procedures performed in the care of foot ulcers.
- C. is minimally educated at the master's level and participating in research to provide cost-effective care (soap is less expensive than povidone-iodine).
- D. lacks clinical competence in health assessment and in application of theory to the clinical setting.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the nurse is using evidence-based practice by conducting a literature review to determine the best practice for caring for foot ulcers. Evidence-based practice involves integrating the best available evidence with clinical expertise and patient values to make informed decisions about patient care. This nurse is ensuring that the care provided is based on current research and best practices, which can lead to better patient outcomes.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly relate to the nurse's action of conducting a literature review to determine best practices for foot ulcer care. Choice B mentions critical thinking but does not specifically address evidence-based practice. Choice C focuses on cost-effectiveness and level of education, which are not relevant to the nurse's evidence-based practice. Choice D refers to clinical competence, which is not the main focus of the nurse's action in this scenario.
The RN instructs the LPN to "Give an enema to the patient in room 327 who is being discharged but is complaining of being constipated. Then be sure to document on the medication administration record when given." Which of the five rights was missing in this situation? The right of:
- A. direction and communication.
- B. task.
- C. person.
- D. circumstances.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: direction and communication. The RN failed to provide clear direction to the LPN regarding the specific type of enema to be administered and the amount. Furthermore, there was a lack of communication regarding the patient's current condition and the rationale for the enema. The other choices are incorrect because:
B: task - The task of administering the enema was clearly communicated.
C: person - The patient was identified by room number, so the person was specified.
D: circumstances - While the circumstances of the patient's complaint were mentioned, the specific details related to the enema administration were lacking.
A nurse who is teaching a class to introduce telehealth to the staff would include which example?
- A. A robot performs menial housekeeping chores for an invalid patient.
- B. A computer software program alerts the nurse or physician who is reviewing orders that an order for a new drug can cause synergy of the theophylline inhaler.
- C. A physician speaks into a computer, and the admission history is recorded and saved in the patient file.
- D. While a patient in Wyoming performs peritoneal dialysis, a nurse watches remotely from California to ensure that all steps are being followed correctly.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it demonstrates the use of telehealth in monitoring and providing remote care to a patient. In this scenario, a nurse is able to supervise and ensure the correct execution of peritoneal dialysis by observing the patient from a different location. This exemplifies the practical application of telehealth in enhancing patient care and safety.
Choice A is incorrect because it describes a robot performing housekeeping chores, which is not directly related to telehealth or patient care. Choice B is incorrect as it focuses on computer software alerting about drug interactions, but it does not involve remote patient care or monitoring. Choice C is incorrect as it describes a physician dictating an admission history, which is not a direct example of telehealth involving remote patient monitoring or care.
A nurse realizes that a health care concern related to globalization was:
- A. the emergence of epidemic hepatitis A.
- B. the pandemic of H1N1 "swine flu."
- C. reemergence of polio.
- D. an increase in chronic illnesses.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: the pandemic of H1N1 "swine flu." This is because the H1N1 flu pandemic was a global health concern directly linked to globalization due to the rapid spread of the virus across borders. The emergence of epidemic hepatitis A (choice A) is not directly tied to globalization. The reemergence of polio (choice C) is more associated with gaps in vaccination coverage rather than globalization. An increase in chronic illnesses (choice D) can be influenced by various factors, but it is not specifically a result of globalization in the context of this question.