Nokea
A nurse is reviewing acid-base laboratory data on a newborn admitted to the NICU for meconium aspiration. Which laboratory values should the nurse report to the physician? (Select all that apply.)
- A. pH: 7.35
- B. PCO : 49
- C. HCO -: 30
- D. PaO : 96
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: pH: 7.35 - This pH value is within the normal range for a newborn and does not indicate acidosis or alkalosis.
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Which of the following actions by the practitioner would be important in the prevention of rheumatic fever?
- A. Encourage routine hypertensive screenings.
- B. Conduct routine occult blood screenings.
- C. Refer children with sore throats for throat cultures.
- D. Recommend salicylates instead for minor discomforts.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct action to prevent rheumatic fever is to refer children with sore throats for throat cultures (Choice C). Rheumatic fever is caused by an abnormal immune response to a bacterial infection with group A Streptococcus. By promptly diagnosing and treating streptococcal infections with antibiotics, the risk of developing rheumatic fever can be minimized. Conducting throat cultures for children with sore throats helps identify streptococcal infections and allows for appropriate antibiotic treatment, thereby preventing the progression to rheumatic fever. Encouraging routine hypertensive screenings (Choice A) and conducting routine occult blood screenings (Choice B) are not directly related to the prevention of rheumatic fever. Recommending salicylates instead for minor discomforts (Choice D) is contraindicated in cases of suspected or confirmed streptococcal infections due to the risk of worsening symptoms and potentially triggering rheumatic fever.
The basic principle of healthy sleep hygiene which is NOT included is
- A. set routine
- B. avoid stimulating activities as playing computer games
- C. makes sure child spends time outside every day
- D. gives a heavy meal within an hour of bedtime
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Heavy meals close to bedtime disrupt sleep.
What discharge teaching is most important to help the patient who has had a splenectomy prevent infection?
- A. Avoid showering for 1 week.
- B. Sleep in a semi-fowler's position.
- C. Receive vaccines against infection.
- D. Stay on antibiotics for life.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients who have had a splenectomy are at increased risk for infections, particularly those caused by encapsulated bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. To prevent these infections, it is essential for these patients to receive vaccines against these bacteria. Vaccines recommended for patients who have had a splenectomy include the pneumococcal vaccine, meningococcal vaccine, and Hib vaccine. These vaccines help boost the body's immunity and provide protection against potentially life-threatening infections. It is important for healthcare providers to educate patients about the importance of receiving these vaccines to prevent infections post-splenectomy.
The newborn with severe jaundice is at risk for developing:
- A. encephalopathy.
- B. bullous impetigo.
- C. respiratory distress.
- D. blood incompatibility.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Severe jaundice in a newborn puts them at risk for developing encephalopathy, which is a condition where bilirubin levels are significantly elevated and can lead to central nervous system dysfunction. If untreated or not managed promptly, high levels of bilirubin can potentially lead to brain damage. It is crucial to monitor and treat severe jaundice in newborns to prevent neurological complications like encephalopathy. Options B, C, and D are not directly associated with severe jaundice in newborns.
A nurse is teaching a class on breastfeeding to expectant parents. Which are contraindications for breastfeeding? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in mother
- B. Mastitis
- C. Inverted nipples
- D. Maternal cancer therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in mother: Breastfeeding is contraindicated in mothers with HIV because the virus can be transmitted to the infant through breast milk.