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A nurse is reviewing informed consent with a client who is scheduled for a cardiac catheterization. Which of the following is the responsibility of the nurse?
- A. Explaining the procedure's risks
- B. Obtaining the client's signature
- C. Verifying the client's understanding of the procedure being performed
- D. Scheduling the procedure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse's role in informed consent is to ensure the client comprehends the procedure, supporting autonomy and legal standards. Verifying the client's understanding of the cardiac catheterization its purpose, process, and implications confirms they can articulate it, ensuring consent is truly informed, not just signed. Explaining risks is the provider's duty, as they perform the procedure and bear legal responsibility for disclosure. Obtaining the signature is procedural but secondary to comprehension, often a clerical task. Scheduling is logistical, unrelated to consent. Verification bridges provider explanation and client decision, empowering the client and protecting the healthcare team by validating that consent reflects genuine understanding, not coercion or confusion.
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The nurse is working with a group of students who are learning a high-risk procedure. How should the nurse best ensure learning while protecting the safety of clients?
- A. Create an unfolding case study featuring the procedure
- B. Use simulation for the students to practice the skill
- C. Help the students use a decision-making model to choose the safest technique
- D. Teach the students about the traditional problem-solving process before they practice the procedure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Simulation lets students master a high-risk procedure like intubation safely, unlike case studies, decision models, or problem-solving lessons. In nursing, hands-on practice in a controlled setting minimizes patient risk while building skill confidence. Case studies inform, models guide choices, and problem-solving teaches theory none replace real-time rehearsal. Leadership prioritizes this, ensuring novices like these students refine techniques (e.g., catheter insertion) without harm, safeguarding care quality in clinical training environments effectively.
Client's potassium is $7.0 \mathrm{mEq} / \mathrm{dL}$. Which prescription should the nurse administer first?
- A. Calcium gluconate IV
- B. Sodium polystyrene enema
- C. Spironolactone oral
- D. Dextrose 10\% IV
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: With potassium at 7.0 mEq/dL, calcium gluconate IV goes first, not polystyrene, spironolactone, or dextrose. Hyperkalemia risks arrhythmias calcium stabilizes cardiac membranes fast, buying time. Polystyrene lowers potassium slowly, spironolactone's diuretic, and dextrose needs insulin. Leadership acts here imagine peaked T-waves; calcium prevents arrest, ensuring safety. This reflects nursing's emergency prioritization, aligning with cardiac stability effectively.
As a staff nurse, you notice that patients often wait extended periods for call light responses. You suggest to your nurse manager that staff review response times and propose a staffing adjustment plan. Your suggestion reflects:
- A. A need to increase managerial control
- B. Commitment to patient-centered care
- C. Evidence of staff resistance to change
- D. A desire to shift responsibility to the manager
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reviewing call light delays and adjusting staffing shows patient-centered care speeding responses to ease patient distress, a priority. It's not control, resistance, or shirking staff act. As a nurse, you focus on comfort, aligning with care quality, engaging peers to fix a bottleneck, boosting satisfaction, a direct response to patient needs rooted in empathy and action.
Nurse receives four phone calls from pregnant women in their last trimester of pregnancy. Which call should be answered first?
- A. Client can't sleep supine because shortness of breath
- B. Client with frequent heartburn
- C. Client who can't remove wedding ring
- D. Client with frequent non-painful uterine contractions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse must prioritize the client with shortness of breath when supine, a potential sign of late-pregnancy complications like preeclampsia or heart strain, over heartburn, ring tightness, or non-painful contractions. Dyspnea signals respiratory or cardiac distress say, from fluid overload needing urgent assessment to prevent maternal-fetal harm. Heartburn's common, ring issues suggest edema (less acute), and contractions could be Braxton Hicks, not immediate labor. In nursing leadership, triaging this call first ensures safety; a delay might miss hypoxia, risking oxygen delivery to the fetus. Picture a 38-week pregnant woman gasping this demands swift action, guiding care prioritization in high-stakes obstetric settings effectively.
The nurse manager generally uses a stepwise method to arrive at decisions that are logical and that is used to maximize the achievement of the desired objective. Which decision-making model does this manager use?
- A. Political decision-making model
- B. Experimentation process
- C. Rational decision-making model
- D. Trial-and-error method
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The rational decision-making model uses a stepwise, logical approach to maximize objectives, unlike political, experimentation, or trial-and-error. Nurse managers employing this like scheduling staff to reduce overtime analyze options systematically, contrasting with intuitive methods. This ensures decisions align with goals, such as patient safety or resource efficiency, critical in healthcare's structured environment. Leadership here emphasizes evidence over politics or guesswork, fostering trust and consistency in high-stakes settings where errors impact lives.