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A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client who has a history of atherosclerosis and notes elevated cholesterol levels. Which of the following statements by the client indicates the nurse should plan follow-up teaching on a low-cholesterol diet?
- A. "I flavor my meat with lemon juice."?
- B. "I eat two eggs for breakfast each morning."?
- C. "I cook my food with canola oil."?
- D. "I take an omega-3 supplement daily."?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Eggs are high in cholesterol, so someone with elevated cholesterol levels, especially with a history of atherosclerosis, should be cautious about egg consumption. Choices A, C, and D are not as concerning for cholesterol levels. Lemon juice, canola oil, and omega-3 supplements do not significantly impact cholesterol levels compared to consuming eggs regularly.
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A group of clients is being instructed by a nurse regarding nutrition. The teaching should state that which of the following groups of foods contains the highest level of carbohydrates?
- A. Milk, eggs, and cheese
- B. Butter, oils, and avocados
- C. Rice, potatoes, and oranges
- D. Chicken, green beans, and apples
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Rice, potatoes, and oranges. These foods are rich in carbohydrates. Choice A (Milk, eggs, and cheese) contains minimal carbohydrates as they are primarily sources of protein and fat. Choice B (Butter, oils, and avocados) contains very little to no carbohydrates as they are high in fats. Choice D (Chicken, green beans, and apples) also contains minimal carbohydrates, with protein and fiber being more prominent in these foods.
When should a newborn transition to whole milk according to dietary teaching for breastfeeding parents?
- A. 6 months
- B. 8 months
- C. 10 months
- D. 12 months
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Breast milk or formula should be the primary source of nutrition for infants up to around 1 year of age. The transition to whole cow's milk is recommended at 12 months of age, not earlier. Introducing whole milk before 12 months can lead to digestive issues and nutrient deficiencies. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they suggest transitioning to whole milk before the recommended age of 12 months.
A nurse is providing teaching to a group of older adults about sources of complete and incomplete protein. Which of the following foods should the nurse include as a complete protein?
- A. Yogurt
- B. Fresh vegetables
- C. Nuts
- D. Dried Beans
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Yogurt is the correct answer as it is a complete protein source, containing all nine essential amino acids. Fresh vegetables, nuts, and dried beans are incomplete protein sources as they lack one or more essential amino acids required by the body.
A nurse is developing a program about strategies to prevent foodborne illnesses for a community group. The nurse should plan to include which of the following recommendations? (Select one that does not apply).
- A. Keep cold food temperatures below 4.4°C (40°F).
- B. Reheat leftovers before eating.
- C. Wash raw vegetables thoroughly in clean water.
- D. Keep cooked foods at 48.9°C (120°F).
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is to keep cooked foods at 48.9°C (120°F). This temperature is too low to keep cooked foods safe from bacterial growth. The ideal temperature to keep cooked foods safe is above 60°C (140°F). Choices A, B, and C are all important strategies to prevent foodborne illnesses. Keeping cold food temperatures below 4.4°C (40°F) helps prevent bacterial growth, reheating leftovers before eating kills any bacteria that may have grown during storage, and washing raw vegetables thoroughly in clean water helps remove dirt and bacteria.
A client who is in her second trimester of pregnancy should increase her caloric intake by how many calories during this trimester?
- A. 110 cal/day
- B. 225 cal/day
- C. 340 cal/day
- D. 450 cal/day
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During the second trimester of pregnancy, it is recommended that a client increases their caloric intake by around 340 calories per day to support the growing needs of both the mother and the developing fetus. This additional intake helps ensure the proper nutrition and energy levels required during this crucial stage of pregnancy. Option A (110 cal/day) is too low to meet the increased demands. Option B (225 cal/day) is also below the recommended amount. Option D (450 cal/day) is higher than necessary and could lead to excessive weight gain, which is not ideal during pregnancy.