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A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client who reports vomiting and diarrhea for 2 days. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Hypermagnesemia.
- B. Hyperkalemia.
- C. Hyponatremia.
- D. Hypocalcemia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vomiting and diarrhea cause sodium loss, leading to hyponatremia.
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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with an older adult client about the aging process. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following physiological changes are part of the aging process? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Increased peripheral circulation.
- B. Increased constipation.
- C. Decreased muscle mass.
- D. Decreased cough reflex.
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: B: Reduced motility causes constipation. C: Sarcopenia reduces muscle mass. D: Weaker cough reflex increases aspiration risk.
A nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter and is verifying the client's express consent for this procedure. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Obtain verbal consent from the client.
- B. Have another nurse co-sign the client's consent.
- C. Check the medical record for the client's signature on a previous consent form.
- D. Witness the client's signature on a consent form.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Witnessing the signature ensures informed consent for the procedure.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who is 2 days postoperative following the placement of a colostomy. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. The stoma is draining a small amount of liquid stool.
- B. The stoma protrudes slightly from the abdomen.
- C. The stoma appears dark in color.
- D. The stoma bleeds lightly when touched.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A dark stoma suggests ischemia or necrosis, requiring urgent reporting.
A nurse is assisting in the care of a 72-year-old female client who recently had a stroke and is being monitored for complications. Complete the following sentence by using the lists of options. The client is at risk for developing ___ due to ___.
- A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
- B. Prolonged immobility
- C. Urinary Catheter
- D. constipation
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: A: DVT is a risk post-stroke. B: Immobility increases clotting risk.
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following a laminectomy. Which of the following actions should the nurse take when repositioning the client?
- A. Place the client's arms above her head prior to logrolling.
- B. Place the client in semi-Fowler's position prior to logrolling.
- C. Place the bed in the lowest position before logrolling the client.
- D. Place a pillow between the client's legs prior to logrolling.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A pillow maintains spinal alignment during logrolling post-laminectomy.