Nokea
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of several clients who are prescribed amiloride. The nurse would identify a client with which condition as being at highest risk for developing hyperkalemia? Select all that apply.
- A. Diabetes
- B. Hypertension
- C. Renal disease
- D. Epilepsy
- E. Asthma
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: Hyperkalemia is most likely to occur in clients with an inadequate fluid intake and urine output, those with diabetes or renal disease, the elderly, and those who are severely ill.
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After teaching a group of nursing students about diuretics, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as causing diuresis by increasing the density of filtrate in the glomerulus? Select all that apply.
- A. Amiloride
- B. Torsemide
- C. Ethacrynic acid
- D. Mannitol
- E. Urea
Correct Answer: D,E
Rationale: Osmotic diuretics, like mannitol and urea, cause diuresis by increasing the density of the filtrate in the glomerulus.
After administering metolazone to a client, the nurse monitors for signs of hypokalemia, including which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Anorexia
- C. Depression
- D. Hypoglycemia
- E. Drowsiness
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: The following are signs of hypokalemia: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, depression, confusion, cardiac arrhythmias, impaired thought process, and drowsiness.
A nurse suspects that a client who is receiving acetazolamide is developing hyponatremia based on assessment of which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Anorexia
- C. Hypotension
- D. Hypoglycemia
- E. Decreased skin turgor
Correct Answer: C,E
Rationale: The following are signs of hyponatremia: cold, clammy skin; decreased skin turgor; confusion; hypotension; irritability; and tachycardia.
A nurse is providing care to a client who has an allergy to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. The nurse understands that the client may have cross-sensitivity reactions with which of the following diuretics? Select all that apply.
- A. Chlorothiazide
- B. Furosemide
- C. Chlorthalidone
- D. Metolazone
- E. Spironolactone
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: A cross-sensitivity reaction may occur with the thiazides (chlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, and metolazone) and sulfonamides (sulfamethoxazole).
A client is prescribed metolazone. As part of the client's teaching plan, the nurse instructs the client to increase his consumption of potassium-rich foods. The nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the client identifies which of the following as a good choice? Select all that apply.
- A. Bananas
- B. Shrimp
- C. Asparagus
- D. Salmon
- E. Peanuts
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: The top 10 foods with the highest amount of potassium per serving include white beans, dark leafy greens, baked potatoes with skin on, dried apricots, acorn squash, plain low-fat yogurt, salmon, avocado, mushrooms, and bananas.