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A nurse is talking with a client who reports constipation. When the nurse discusses dietary changes that can help prevent constipation, which of the following foods should the nurse recommend?
- A. Macaroni & cheese
- B. Fresh fruit & whole wheat toast
- C. Rice pudding & ripe bananas
- D. Roast chicken & white rice
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fresh fruit & whole wheat toast. Fresh fruits are high in fiber, which aids in digestion and helps prevent constipation. Whole wheat toast also contains fiber, promoting regular bowel movements. Macaroni & cheese (A) and rice pudding & ripe bananas (C) are low in fiber and may worsen constipation. Roast chicken & white rice (D) lack sufficient fiber to alleviate constipation.
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A nurse in an outpatient clinic is caring for a client who states she is trying to get pregnant. The client currently takes a Category D pregnancy risk medication for the control of seizures. Which of the following statements by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. This medication is prescribed if necessary but is known to cause adverse effects to the fetus.
- B. This medication has evidence indicating that it is safe to take during pregnancy and will not harm the fetus.
- C. This medication cannot be taken during pregnancy because the risk outweighs the potential benefits.
- D. This medication hasn't been studied in pregnant women but is believed to be safe for the fetus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Category D medications have shown evidence of risk to the fetus in human studies but potential benefits may outweigh risks in certain situations. The nurse should inform the client about the risks and benefits of continuing the medication while trying to conceive. Choice B is incorrect because Category D medications are not considered safe during pregnancy. Choice C is incorrect as it is not entirely true that the risk always outweighs the benefits. Choice D is incorrect because assuming safety without evidence is risky. The nurse should provide accurate information to guide the client's decision-making.
A nurse is teaching a client about taking multiple oral meds at home to include time-release capsules, liquid meds, enteric-coated pills, & narcotics. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I can open the capsule w/the beads in it & sprinkle them on my oatmeal.
- B. If I am having difficulty swallowing, I will add the liquid meds to a batch of pudding.
- C. The pills w/the coating on them can be crushed.
- D. I will eat 2 crackers w/the pain pills.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "I will eat 2 crackers with the pain pills." This statement indicates an understanding of the teaching because taking narcotics with food, such as crackers, can help reduce stomach upset and nausea commonly associated with these medications. This demonstrates the client's awareness of the importance of food intake when taking certain medications.
Choice A is incorrect because opening a time-release capsule and sprinkling the beads on food can alter the medication's intended release mechanism. Choice B is incorrect as mixing liquid meds with pudding may not ensure proper dosage or absorption. Choice C is incorrect as crushing enteric-coated pills can interfere with their delayed-release properties.
A nurse is caring for a client who has had diarrhea for the past 4 days. When assessing the client, the nurse should expect which of the following findings? Select all.
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Hypotension
- C. Fever
- D. Poor skin turgor
- E. Peripheral edema
Correct Answer: B, C, D
Rationale: The correct answers are B, C, and D. Diarrhea leads to fluid loss, causing hypotension (B) due to decreased blood volume, fever (C) as a result of dehydration and infection, and poor skin turgor (D) due to decreased tissue hydration. Bradycardia (A) is unlikely as the body compensates for dehydration with increased heart rate. Peripheral edema (E) is not expected as dehydration leads to fluid depletion, not retention.
A nurse is caring for a client who will perform fecal occult blood testing at home. Which of the following information should the nurse include when explaining the procedure to the client?
- A. Eating more protein is optimal prior to testing
- B. One stool specimen is sufficient for testing
- C. A red color change indicates a positive test
- D. The specimen cannot be contaminated
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because a contaminated specimen can lead to false results. The client should be instructed to avoid contaminating the specimen with urine, water, or toilet bowl cleaners. Choice A is incorrect because protein intake does not affect the test. Choice B is incorrect as multiple stool specimens are usually required. Choice C is incorrect as a blue color change indicates a positive test, not red.
A nurse is teaching a client how to administer medication through a jejunostomy tube. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Flush the tube before & after each med.
- B. Administer your meds w/your enteral feeding.
- C. Administer tablets through the tube slowly.
- D. Mix all the crushed meds prior to dissolving in water.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Choice A is correct because flushing the jejunostomy tube before and after each medication helps prevent clogging and ensures proper delivery. Flushing clears the tube and ensures medication is fully administered. Choice B is incorrect as medications should not be administered with enteral feedings to prevent interactions. Choice C is incorrect as tablets should be crushed before administration. Choice D is incorrect as crushed medications should be dissolved one at a time to avoid interactions.