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A nurse is teaching a class about reducing the risk of medication errors. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. Provide a dedicated area for the nurse to prepare medications
- B. Wait to document medications given to clients until the end of a shift
- C. Remove medications from automatic dispensing systems before they are reviewed by pharmacists
- D. Prepare medications for multiple clients at the same time
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A - Provide a dedicated area for the nurse to prepare medications.
Rationale: Providing a dedicated area for medication preparation helps reduce distractions and promotes focus, decreasing the likelihood of errors. This setup allows for organization and prevents cross-contamination. It also encourages proper storage and disposal of medications, fostering a safer environment for medication preparation.
Summary of Other Choices:
B: Waiting to document medications until the end of a shift can lead to errors in documentation and potential confusion. Real-time documentation is crucial for accuracy.
C: Removing medications from automatic dispensing systems before pharmacist review bypasses a critical safety check, increasing the risk of errors.
D: Preparing medications for multiple clients simultaneously can lead to mix-ups and errors, as it increases the chances of confusion and incorrect dosing.
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A nurse is preparing to administer clonazepam 5 mg PO in 3 equally divided doses every 8 hr for a client who has seizures. The amount available is clonazepam 0.5 mg tablets. How many tablets should the nurse administer per dose? (Round off to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale: Correct Answer: 1
Rationale: To calculate the number of tablets per dose, divide the total dose (5 mg) by the dose per tablet (0.5 mg).
5 mg / 0.5 mg = 10 tablets for the total dose.
Since the total dose is divided into 3 equal doses, divide the total tablets by 3.
10 tablets / 3 = 3.33 tablets per dose.
Round off to the nearest tenth, which is 3.3.
Since we cannot administer a partial tablet, the nurse should administer 1 tablet per dose.
Summary:
A: 1 - Correct. Calculated based on dividing total dose by dose per tablet and rounding off.
B: 2 - Incorrect. Not the correct calculation based on the dose per tablet.
C: 3 - Incorrect. Not the correct calculation based on the dose per tablet.
D: 4 - Incorrect. Not the correct calculation based on the dose per tablet.
E
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for zolpidem. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following is an adverse effect of zolpidem?
- A. Memory loss
- B. Dry mouth
- C. Hypertension
- D. Urinary retention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Memory loss. Zolpidem is a sedative-hypnotic medication commonly used for insomnia. One of its adverse effects is memory loss, particularly short-term memory impairment. Zolpidem works by enhancing the effects of GABA, which can lead to memory issues. Dry mouth (B) is a common side effect of many medications but not typically associated with zolpidem. Hypertension (C) and urinary retention (D) are not common adverse effects of zolpidem. It is important to educate the client about memory loss as a potential side effect to ensure they are aware and can report any concerning symptoms to their healthcare provider.
A nurse is teaching a class about expected physiological changes in older adult clients. Which of the following changes should the nurse include?
- A. Increase in startle reflex
- B. Increase in muscle mass
- C. Decrease in body fat
- D. Decrease in systolic blood pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increase in startle reflex. As individuals age, their neurological system undergoes changes leading to increased sensitivity and exaggerated responses, including an increase in the startle reflex. This change is attributed to alterations in neurotransmitter levels and sensory processing.
Incorrect Answers:
B: Increase in muscle mass - Muscle mass typically decreases with age due to hormonal changes and decreased physical activity.
C: Decrease in body fat - Older adults tend to experience an increase in body fat and a decrease in muscle mass, contributing to changes in body composition.
D: Decrease in systolic blood pressure - While blood pressure tends to increase with age due to changes in blood vessel elasticity and hormonal changes, a decrease in systolic blood pressure is not a common expected physiological change in older adults.
The nurse is caring for a client who has had partial removal of the parathyroid gland. The client reports numbness and tingling of the hands and fingers. Which lab value would the nurse expect to see?
- A. Chloride 112
- B. Calcium 7.5
- C. Potassium 4.0
- D. Calcium 12.1
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Calcium 7.5. With partial removal of the parathyroid gland, there may be decreased production of parathyroid hormone leading to hypocalcemia. Numbness and tingling in the hands and fingers are classic symptoms of hypocalcemia. A low calcium level of 7.5 is indicative of this condition.
Choice A: Chloride 112 is not related to symptoms of numbness and tingling.
Choice C: Potassium 4.0 is within the normal range and not associated with symptoms of hypocalcemia.
Choice D: Calcium 12.1 indicates hypercalcemia, not hypocalcemia, which would not cause numbness and tingling.
A nurse is teaching a class about pharmacodynamics. The nurse should include that which of the following medication levels occurs when a medication is at the lowest serum concentration?
- A. Trough
- B. Peak
- C. Half-life
- D. Toxic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Trough. The trough level represents the lowest serum concentration of a medication in the body, usually measured just before the next dose is administered. This is important in monitoring the effectiveness and safety of the drug. Peak levels (B) indicate the highest concentration. Half-life (C) refers to the time it takes for half of the drug to be eliminated from the body. Toxic levels (D) are when the drug concentration is too high and can lead to harmful effects. Other choices are not relevant to the lowest serum concentration.