Nokea
A nurse is teaching a client about oral contraceptive. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Abdominal pain is an expected adverse effect of oral contraceptives
- B. It can take up to 1 year to become pregnant after stopping an oral contraceptive
- C. Some herbal supplements can decrease the effectiveness of an oral contraceptive
- D. A pelvic examination is needed prior to starting an oral contraceptive
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Some herbal supplements can decrease the effectiveness of an oral contraceptive. The nurse should include this information in the teaching to ensure the client understands potential interactions. Herbal supplements like St. John's Wort can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives by increasing their metabolism. This can lead to contraceptive failure and unintended pregnancy. Option A is incorrect because abdominal pain is not an expected adverse effect of oral contraceptives. Option B is incorrect as fertility typically returns quickly after stopping oral contraceptives, not taking up to a year. Option D is incorrect as a pelvic examination is not always necessary before starting oral contraceptives.
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A nurse is reviewing the laboratory values of a client who is taking atorvastatin. Which of the following laboratory values indicates the treatment has been effective?
- A. BUN 15 mg/dL
- B. Blood glucose 90 mg/dL
- C. Urine specific gravity 1.020
- D. LDL 120 mg/dL
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: LDL 120 mg/dL. Atorvastatin is a medication used to lower LDL cholesterol levels. A decrease in LDL levels indicates the effectiveness of the treatment in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. BUN, blood glucose, and urine specific gravity are not directly related to the effectiveness of atorvastatin in lowering cholesterol levels. BUN reflects kidney function, blood glucose monitors glucose levels, and urine specific gravity indicates hydration status. Therefore, D is the best indicator of treatment effectiveness.
A nurse is consulting a formulary about a client's new prescription for raloxifene. The nurse should identify that this medication is used to treat which of the following conditions?
- A. Osteoporosis
- B. Hypothyroidism
- C. Urinary tract infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Osteoporosis. Raloxifene is a medication used to prevent and treat osteoporosis by increasing bone density. It is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that mimics estrogen's effects on bone without affecting other tissues like the uterus. This helps to reduce the risk of fractures in postmenopausal women. Choices B, C, D, E, F, and G are incorrect because raloxifene is not indicated for hypothyroidism, urinary tract infections, or any other conditions besides osteoporosis.
A nurse is assessing a client who has hypermagnesemia. Which of the following medications should the nurse prepare to administer?
- A. Protamine sulfate
- B. Acetylcysteine
- C. Calcium gluconate
- D. Flumazenil
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Calcium gluconate. In hypermagnesemia, there is an excess of magnesium in the blood, leading to muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, and respiratory depression. Calcium gluconate is the antidote for hypermagnesemia as it works by antagonizing the effects of magnesium. By administering calcium gluconate, the nurse can help reverse the symptoms associated with hypermagnesemia and restore normal calcium levels in the body. Protamine sulfate (Choice A) is used to reverse the effects of heparin, acetylcysteine (Choice B) is used as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose, and flumazenil (Choice D) is used to reverse the effects of benzodiazepines. These medications are not indicated for hypermagnesemia.
A nurse is assessing a client following the administration of ondansetron (Zofran). Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the ondansetron has been effective?
- A. Client reports a decrease in pain
- B. Client reports a decrease in nausea
- C. Client reports a decrease in coughing
- D. Client reports a decrease in diarrhea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Client reports a decrease in nausea. Ondansetron is primarily used to treat nausea and vomiting. If the client reports a decrease in nausea, it indicates that the medication has been effective in managing this specific symptom. Decrease in pain (choice A) is not directly related to the action of ondansetron. Choices C (decrease in coughing) and D (decrease in diarrhea) are not typical indications of ondansetron's effectiveness. It is important for the nurse to focus on the specific expected outcome of the medication, which is the reduction of nausea and vomiting.
Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching about the new medication?
- A. You should take this medication with dairy products.
- B. This medication may cause constipation.
- C. It is common to experience headache or blurred vision while taking this medication.
- D. You should avoid the sun while taking this medication.
- E. You should use an alternate method of birth control while taking this medication.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: You should avoid the sun while taking this medication. This is important because some medications can increase sensitivity to sunlight, leading to sunburn or skin reactions. Avoiding the sun can prevent these adverse effects.
A: You should not take this medication with dairy products as it may interfere with the absorption of the medication.
B: Constipation is a common side effect of some medications, but it is not specific to this particular medication.
C: Headache or blurred vision may occur with some medications, but it is not specific to this particular medication.
E: Using an alternate method of birth control may be necessary if the medication interferes with hormonal contraceptives, but this information is not provided in the question stem.