Nokea
A nurse is teaching a client about the causes of osteoporosis. The nurse should include which of the following types of medication therapy as a risk factor for osteoporosis?
- A. Thyroid hormones
- B. Antihypertensives
- C. Steroids
- D. Insulin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Steroids. Steroids, specifically glucocorticoids, are known to increase the risk of osteoporosis by decreasing bone formation and increasing bone resorption. Long-term use of steroids can lead to bone loss, making individuals more susceptible to fractures. Thyroid hormones (A) do not directly cause osteoporosis. Antihypertensives (B) and insulin (D) are not associated with increased risk of osteoporosis.
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A nurse in a clinic is teaching information about cervical polyps with a client who has a new diagnosis. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Postcoital bleeding may occur.
- B. A pelvic ultrasound is required for diagnosis.
- C. Cervical polyps usually resolve without treatment.
- D. Cervical polyps are rarely associated with cancer.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Postcoital bleeding may occur. This information is essential to include in teaching about cervical polyps because it is a common symptom associated with this condition. Cervical polyps are benign growths on the cervix that can cause bleeding, especially after intercourse. It is crucial for the client to be aware of this symptom to monitor for any abnormal bleeding and seek medical attention if necessary.
Option B is incorrect because a pelvic ultrasound is not always required for diagnosing cervical polyps; they can often be diagnosed through a pelvic exam. Option C is incorrect because not all cervical polyps resolve on their own and may require treatment if symptomatic. Option D is incorrect because while cervical polyps are usually benign, they can be associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer in some cases.
A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about gynecological examination. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. The urethral orifice is assessed by separating the labia minora.
- B. The cervix should be palpated first.
- C. The external genitalia should not be inspected.
- D. The perineum should be assessed after the vaginal examination.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the urethral orifice is located between the clitoris and the vaginal opening, so separating the labia minora allows for proper visualization and assessment. This step ensures accurate examination of the urethral opening for signs of infection or abnormalities. Palpating the cervix first (B) is incorrect as it should be done after inspecting the external genitalia. Choosing not to inspect the external genitalia (C) is incorrect as it is an essential part of the gynecological examination. Assessing the perineum after the vaginal examination (D) is incorrect as the perineum should be assessed before the vaginal examination to evaluate for any abnormalities or injuries.
A nurse is caring for a client who develops a ventricular fibrillation rhythm. The client is unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?
- A. Defibrillation
- B. Administer oxygen
- C. Call for help
- D. Start chest compressions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Defibrillation. Ventricular fibrillation is a life-threatening arrhythmia that requires immediate defibrillation to restore the heart's normal rhythm. Defibrillation is the priority as it is the most effective intervention to treat ventricular fibrillation and increase the chance of survival. Administering oxygen (B) is important but not the priority over defibrillation. Calling for help (C) should be done after initiating defibrillation. Starting chest compressions (D) should only be done if defibrillation is not immediately available or unsuccessful.
A nurse is implementing a plan of care for a client who has AIDS with recurring pneumonia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Obtain a sputum culture
- B. Administer a chest X-ray
- C. Monitor for fever
- D. Provide oxygen therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Obtain a sputum culture. This is essential to identify the specific pathogen causing the pneumonia in the client with AIDS. By identifying the pathogen, appropriate antibiotic therapy can be initiated promptly. Administering a chest X-ray (B) may help in evaluating the extent of pneumonia but does not address the underlying cause. Monitoring for fever (C) is important but does not provide specific information needed for targeted treatment. Providing oxygen therapy (D) may be necessary but does not address the root cause of the pneumonia.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a postoperative ileus and an NG tube that has drained 2,500 mL in the past 6 hr. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse monitor the client for?
- A. Decreased potassium level
- B. Increased sodium level
- C. Increased calcium level
- D. Decreased magnesium level
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased potassium level. Postoperative ileus can lead to gastrointestinal fluid losses, causing a decrease in potassium levels due to excessive drainage through the NG tube. Potassium is an important electrolyte for maintaining normal muscle function, including the heart. Monitoring potassium levels is essential to prevent complications such as cardiac arrhythmias.
Incorrect choices:
B: Increased sodium level - Unlikely in this scenario as excessive drainage would lead to fluid and electrolyte loss.
C: Increased calcium level - Unrelated to postoperative ileus and NG tube drainage.
D: Decreased magnesium level - Possible but not as critical as monitoring potassium levels in this situation.