Nokea
A nurse is teaching a client about the fertility awareness method. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Track basal body temperature and cervical mucus daily.
- B. Avoid intercourse throughout the entire menstrual cycle.
- C. Use this method if you have irregular periods.
- D. Monitor ovulation with a home pregnancy test.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tracking basal body temperature and cervical mucus daily is essential for the fertility awareness method to identify fertile days. Intercourse is avoided only during fertile periods, the method is less reliable with irregular periods, and pregnancy tests do not monitor ovulation.
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A neonate born at 38 weeks' gestation is admitted to the neonatal nursery for observation. The neonate's mother, who is positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, has received no prenatal care. The mother asks the nurse if her neonate is positive for HIV. The nurse can tell the mother which of the following?
- A. More than $50 \%$ of neonates born to mothers who are positive for HIV will be positive at 18 months of age.'
- B. An enlarged liver at birth generally means the neonate is HIV positive.'
- C. A complete blood count analysis is the primary method for determining whether the neonate is HIV positive.'
- D. Most neonates are asymptomatic at birth and usually test positive for the HIV antibody at this time.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Most neonates born to HIV-positive mothers test positive for HIV antibodies at birth due to maternal antibody transfer but are asymptomatic, with true infection status determined later.
After instructing a primigravid client at 38 weeks' gestation about how preeclampsia can affect the client and the growing fetus, the nurse realizes that the client needs additional instruction when she says that preeclampsia can lead to which of the following?
- A. Hydrocephalic infant.
- B. Abruptio placentae.
- C. Intrauterine growth retardation.
- D. Poor placental perfusion.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Preeclampsia does not typically cause hydrocephalus.
A newborn who is 20 hours old has a respiratory rate of 66 , is grunting when exhaling, and has occasional nasal flaring. The newborn's temperature is 98 ; he is breathing room air and is pink with acrocyanosis. The mother had membranes that were ruptured 26 hours before delivery. Based on these data, the nurse should include which of the following in the management of the infant's care?
- A. Continue recording vital signs, voiding, stooling, and eating patterns every 4 hours for 24 hours.
- B. With a health care provider (HCP) order, draw blood cultures, monitor vital signs every 2 hours as well as feeding and elimination patterns every 4 hours, newborn at bedside.
- C. Transfer the newborn to the neonatal intensive care unit with diagnosis of possible sepsis, parents at bedside.
- D. Request CBC with differential from the health care provider, keep the newborn under the radiant warmer, and monitor vital signs every 4 hours, parents at bedside.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The concern with this infant is sepsis based on prolonged rupture of membranes before delivery. Blood cultures would provide an accurate diagnosis of sepsis, but will take 48 hours from the time drawn. Frequent monitoring of infant vital signs, looking for changes, and maintaining contact with the parents is also part of care management while awaiting culture results.
A 32-year-old multigravida returns to the clinic for a routine prenatal visit at 36 weeks' gestation. She has had a prior pregnancy with pregnancy-induced hypertension. The assessments during this visit include BP 140/90, P 80, and +2 edema of the ankles and feet. Based on the client's past history and current assessment, what further information should the nurse obtain to determine if this client is becoming preeclamptic?
- A. Headaches.
- B. Blood glucose level.
- C. Proteinuria.
- D. Edema in lower extremities.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Proteinuria is a key indicator of preeclampsia, distinguishing it from gestational hypertension.
A breast-feeding primiparous client asks the nurse how breast milk differs from cow's milk. The nurse responds by saying that breast milk is higher in which of the following?
- A. Fat.
- B. Iron.
- C. Sodium.
- D. Calcium.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Breast milk has higher fat content, which is essential for neonatal growth and brain development.