Nokea
A nurse is teaching a client newly diagnosed with Emphysema about the disease process. Which of the following statements best explains the problems associated with emphysema and could be adapted for use in the nurse's discussion with the client?
- A. Hyperactivity of the medium-sized bronchi caused by an inflammatory response leads to wheezing and tightness in the chest.
- B. Larger than normal air spaces and loss of elastic recoil cause air to be trapped in the lung and collapse airways.
- C. Vasodilation, congestion, and mucosal edema cause a chronic cough and sputum production.
- D. Chloride is not being transported properly, producing excess absorption of water and sodium, and thick viscous mucus.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Larger-than-normal air spaces and loss of elastic recoil cause air to be trapped in the lung and collapse airways. Emphysema is a breakdown of the elastin and fiber network of the alveoli where the alveoli enlarge or the walls are destroyed. This alveolar destruction leads to the formation of larger-than-normal air spaces. Emphysema is one of a group of pulmonary diseases of a chronic nature characterized by increased resistance to airflow; the entity is part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
You may also like to solve these questions
Support systems during the grieving process include all of the following except:
- A. a despondent friend.
- B. a nurse.
- C. a social worker.
- D. a family member.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A despondent friend, even though this could be a support to the grieving person, is in a state of despondency. Therefore, he or she might not do well with a grieving friend.
A client goes to the mental health center for difficulty concentrating, insomnia, and nightmares. The client reports being raped as a child. The nurse should assess the client for further signs of:
- A. General anxiety disorder
- B. Schizophrenia
- C. Post-traumatic stress disorder
- D. Bipolar disorder
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Childhood sexual abuse is strongly associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), characterized by nightmares, insomnia, and concentration difficulties.
A nurse is performing a screening on a patient that has been casted recently on the left lower extremity. Which of the following statements should the nurse be most concerned about?
- A. The patient reports, 'I didn't keep my extremity elevated like the doctor asked me to.'
- B. The patient reports, 'I have been having pain in my left calf.'
- C. The patient reports, 'My left leg has really been itching.'
- D. The patient reports, 'The arthritis in my wrists is flaring up, when I put weight on my crutches.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pain may be indicating neurovascular complication.
The nurse should make which of the following responses when questioned by a client about the role of leptin in the body?
- A. It increases food intake in clients, thereby promoting obesity.
- B. It assists in the regulation of steroids.
- C. It increases the total fat mass of people who are obese.
- D. It might decrease the total fat mass in the bodies of people who are obese.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Leptin (recessive obesity gene-protein hormone) is expressed in fat cell coding for the protein that reacts to the percentage of fat cells in the body. Leptin is associated with increased energy expenditure and decreased food intake via hypothalamic control. Obese clients might have insensitivity or resistance to the effects of leptin. Leptin can affect other body hormones such as insulin. Genetic factors include leptin, uncoupling proteins, and the amount of brown/white fat in the body.
Appropriate nursing strategies to assist a client in maintaining a sense of self include:
- A. using the client's first name when addressing the client
- B. treating the client with dignity
- C. explaining procedures only if the client is attentive
- D. discouraging the use of personal items
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Treating the client with dignity respects their individuality and fosters a sense of self, unlike the other options, which may undermine autonomy or engagement.