Nokea
A nurse is teaching a client who has angina a new prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin tablets. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Discard any tablets you do not use every 6 months.
- B. Take one tablet each morning 30 minutes prior to eating.
- C. Keep the tablets at room temperature in their original glass bottle.
- D. Place the tablet between your cheek and gum to dissolve.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Keep the tablets at room temperature in their original glass bottle. Nitroglycerin tablets are sensitive to light, moisture, and heat. Storing them in their original glass bottle at room temperature helps maintain their potency. Discarding unused tablets every 6 months (choice A) is not necessary as long as they are stored properly. Taking a tablet each morning (choice B) is not recommended as nitroglycerin is usually taken as needed for angina attacks. Placing the tablet between cheek and gum (choice D) is not the correct administration route for sublingual nitroglycerin, as it should be placed under the tongue for rapid absorption.
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A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for enoxaparin. Which of the following medications for pain relief should the nurse include in the teaching that can be taken concurrently with enoxaparin?
- A. Ibuprofen
- B. Naproxen sodium
- C. Acetaminophen
- D. Aspirin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Acetaminophen is the correct choice because it does not have an antiplatelet effect like aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen sodium. Enoxaparin is an anticoagulant that works by preventing blood clots, so it is safer to take acetaminophen for pain relief as it does not increase the risk of bleeding. Aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen sodium can increase the risk of bleeding when taken with enoxaparin due to their antiplatelet effects. Therefore, acetaminophen is the safest option for pain relief while on enoxaparin therapy.
A nurse is planning to administer medication to an older adult client who has dysphagia. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
- A. Tilt the client's head back when administering the medications
- B. Mix the medications with a semisolid food for the client
- C. Administer more than one pill to the client at a time
- D. Place the medications on the back of the client's tongue
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mix the medications with a semisolid food for the client. This is the safest option for a client with dysphagia as it reduces the risk of choking or aspiration. Mixing medications with food can help make swallowing easier and safer for the client. Tilt the client's head back (A) can increase the risk of choking. Administering more than one pill at a time (C) can lead to swallowing difficulties. Placing medications on the back of the tongue (D) can trigger a gag reflex in clients with dysphagia.
A nurse is assessing a client who reports taking over-the-counter antacids. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a manifestation of hypercalcemia?
- A. Constipation
- B. Decreased urine output
- C. Positive Trousseau's sign
- D. Headache
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Constipation. Hypercalcemia can result from excessive intake of antacids containing calcium carbonate. High levels of calcium in the blood can lead to constipation due to its inhibitory effect on smooth muscle contraction in the intestinal tract. Decreased urine output (choice B) is more indicative of dehydration or renal issues. Positive Trousseau's sign (choice C) is associated with hypocalcemia, not hypercalcemia. Headache (choice D) is a nonspecific symptom and not a typical manifestation of hypercalcemia.
A nurse is consulting a formulary about a client's new prescription for raloxifene. The nurse should identify that this medication is used to treat which of the following conditions?
- A. Osteoporosis
- B. Hypothyroidism
- C. Urinary tract infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Osteoporosis. Raloxifene is a medication used to prevent and treat osteoporosis by increasing bone density. It is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that mimics estrogen's effects on bone without affecting other tissues like the uterus. This helps to reduce the risk of fractures in postmenopausal women. Choices B, C, D, E, F, and G are incorrect because raloxifene is not indicated for hypothyroidism, urinary tract infections, or any other conditions besides osteoporosis.
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory values of a client who is taking atorvastatin. Which of the following laboratory values indicates the treatment has been effective?
- A. BUN 15 mg/dL
- B. Blood glucose 90 mg/dL
- C. Urine specific gravity 1.020
- D. LDL 120 mg/dL
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: LDL 120 mg/dL. Atorvastatin is a medication used to lower LDL cholesterol levels. A decrease in LDL levels indicates the effectiveness of the treatment in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. BUN, blood glucose, and urine specific gravity are not directly related to the effectiveness of atorvastatin in lowering cholesterol levels. BUN reflects kidney function, blood glucose monitors glucose levels, and urine specific gravity indicates hydration status. Therefore, D is the best indicator of treatment effectiveness.