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A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) about breathing exercises. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Use abdominal breathing during physical activity
- B. Inhale quickly and deeply through the nose
- C. Use pursed-lip breathing during physical activity
- D. Breathe quickly and deeply during exercise
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Use pursed-lip breathing during physical activity.' Pursed-lip breathing is a beneficial technique for clients with COPD as it helps improve airflow by keeping the airways open longer. Choice A is incorrect as abdominal breathing may not be as effective in COPD as pursed-lip breathing. Choice B, inhaling quickly and deeply through the nose, is not recommended as it can lead to hyperventilation. Choice D, breathing quickly and deeply during exercise, is also not suitable for clients with COPD as it can cause increased shortness of breath.
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A healthcare provider is reviewing the medical record of a client who is scheduled for surgery. Which of the following findings should the provider report?
- A. White blood cell count of 8,000/mm³
- B. Potassium level of 4.0 mEq/L
- C. Creatinine level of 1.0 mg/dL
- D. Hemoglobin level of 12 g/dL
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An elevated creatinine level indicates impaired kidney function, which may affect the client's ability to undergo surgery. The other laboratory values (white blood cell count, potassium level, and hemoglobin level) are within normal ranges and do not directly impact the client's readiness for surgery.
A client who is postpartum is being taught about breast care by a nurse. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will wear tight-fitting bras to reduce discomfort
- B. I will nurse my baby frequently to prevent engorgement
- C. I will pump my breasts every 4 hours
- D. I will avoid nursing for at least 48 hours
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Nursing the baby frequently helps prevent engorgement and discomfort in breastfeeding mothers. Choice A is incorrect because tight-fitting bras can lead to clogged milk ducts and worsen discomfort. Choice C may lead to oversupply issues and is not necessary unless there is a specific indication. Choice D is incorrect as avoiding nursing for extended periods can lead to engorgement and decreased milk supply.
A nurse is caring for a client post-abdominal surgery who has an NG tube. The client reports nausea and a decrease in gastric output. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Turn the client onto their left side
- B. Irrigate the NG tube with sterile water
- C. Increase the suction pressure to relieve the blockage
- D. Remove the NG tube and replace it with a new one
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to irrigate the NG tube with sterile water first. This action helps to relieve blockages that may be causing the decrease in gastric output and nausea. Turning the client onto their left side may not directly address the issue with the NG tube. Increasing the suction pressure can further exacerbate the problem and should not be done without assessing the situation first. Removing the NG tube and replacing it with a new one is a more invasive step that should be considered only if other measures are unsuccessful.
What is the first step in preparing a blood transfusion?
- A. Administer the blood via IV push
- B. Verify the client's blood type before starting the transfusion
- C. Warm the blood to body temperature before administration
- D. Administer diuretics to prevent fluid overload
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct first step in preparing a blood transfusion is to verify the client's blood type before starting the transfusion. This step is crucial to ensure compatibility and prevent adverse reactions. Administering the blood via IV push (Choice A) is incorrect as it skips the essential step of verifying the blood type. Warming the blood to body temperature (Choice C) is important but comes after verifying the blood type. Administering diuretics (Choice D) is not part of the preparation process for a blood transfusion.
What are the primary goals of post-operative care for a patient who has undergone abdominal surgery?
- A. Pain Management
- B. Wound Care
- C. Prevention of Complications
- D. Digestive Function
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pain Management. After abdominal surgery, one of the primary goals of post-operative care is to manage the patient's pain effectively to ensure their comfort and promote recovery. While wound care, prevention of complications, and ensuring digestive function are also important aspects of post-operative care, pain management takes precedence as it directly impacts the patient's well-being and recovery process.