ATI Detailed Answer Key Medical Surgical

ATI Detailed Answer Key Medical Surgical Related

Review ATI Detailed Answer Key Medical Surgical related questions and content

A nurse is teaching a client who is obese and has obstructive sleep apnea how to decrease the number of nightly
apneic episodes. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

  • A. "It might help if I tried sleeping only on my back."
  • B. "I'll sleep better if I take a sleeping pill at night."
  • C. "I'll get a humidifier to run at my bedside at night."
  • D. "If I could lose about 50 pounds, I might stop having so many apneic episodes."
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because losing weight can help reduce the severity and frequency of obstructive sleep apnea. Excess weight can lead to fat deposits around the upper airway, causing obstruction during sleep. By losing weight, the airway may become less obstructed, reducing apneic episodes.

Choice A is incorrect because sleeping on the back can actually worsen sleep apnea by causing the tongue and soft tissues to block the airway.

Choice B is incorrect because sleeping pills can relax the muscles in the airway, making it more likely for an individual with sleep apnea to experience episodes of apnea.

Choice C is incorrect because while a humidifier can alleviate some symptoms like dryness, it does not directly address the underlying cause of obstructive sleep apnea related to obesity.

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What volume of fluid loss causes marked deterioration in hypovolemic shock?

  • A. 30% to 40% (1500 mL to 2000 mL)
  • B. 15% to 30% (750 mL to 1500 mL)
  • C. 10% to 15% (500 mL to 750 mL)
  • D. More than 40% (more than 2000 mL)
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Loss of 15% to 30% of blood volume significantly impairs circulation and tissue perfusion.

The main goal of treatment for acute glomerulonephritis is to

  • A. encourage activity.
  • B. encourage high protein intake.
  • C. maintain fluid balance.
  • D. teach intermittent urinary catheterization.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Maintaining fluid balance is critical in managing acute glomerulonephritis due to potential fluid overload.

Medications are given to older adults for many different conditions. A good rule to follow for medication use in older adults is to:

  • A. Use once daily dosing
  • B. Take all medications at the same time
  • C. Request brand name medications
  • D. Use the lowest possible effective dose
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Older adults are more sensitive to medications due to decreased kidney and liver function. Using the lowest effective dose minimizes side effects and drug interactions.

What type of shock is the client experiencing if there is no urine return after inserting a Foley catheter?

  • A. Decreased blood pressure
  • B. Increased heart rate
  • C. Fluid retention
  • D. Muscle cramps
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Decreased blood pressure is a primary symptom in fluid imbalance as a result of inadequate circulating volume, leading to hypotension and possible shock.

Priority Decision: The nurse prepares to interview a patient for a nursing history but finds the patient in obvious pain. Which action by the nurse is the best at this time?

  • A. Delay the interview until the patient is free of pain.
  • B. Administer pain medication before initiating the interview.
  • C. Gather as much information as quickly as possible by using closed questions that require brief answers.
  • D. Ask only those questions pertinent to the specific problem and complete the interview when the patient is more comfortable.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Delay the interview until the patient is free of pain.' Pain can interfere with concentration and communication, making it difficult for the patient to provide accurate information. Delaying the interview ensures better quality data collection once the patient is comfortable.

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