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A nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about ageism. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?
- A. "Ageism refers to a higher level of respect that Eastern cultures give to their elders."
- B. "Ageism refers to the stereotype that older adults are not able to understand new information."
- C. "Ageism refers to assumptions about an older adult client based on gender and economic status."
- D. "Ageism refers to the increase in physical care required by older adults."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ageism involves stereotypes that portray older adults as cognitively incapable.
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A nurse is caring for a client who has major depressive disorder (MDD). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Significant change in weight
- B. Hyperexcitability
- C. Exaggerated response to stimuli
- D. Attention-seeking behavior
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Significant change in weight. In major depressive disorder (MDD), clients commonly experience appetite changes, leading to weight gain or weight loss. This is due to disturbances in their eating patterns. Weight changes can be a result of decreased interest in food or emotional eating. This is a key symptom to monitor in clients with MDD. Hyperexcitability (B), exaggerated response to stimuli (C), and attention-seeking behavior (D) are not typical findings in clients with MDD. Hyperexcitability and exaggerated response to stimuli are more often associated with conditions like anxiety disorders, while attention-seeking behavior is more commonly seen in personality disorders.
A nurse is caring for a client who has an eating disorder. The nurse is practicing which of the following ethical concepts when the client refuses to drink a between-meal protein and calorie supplement?
- A. Autonomy
- B. Beneficence
- C. Veracity
- D. Fidelity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Respecting the client’s decision to refuse food aligns with the ethical principle of autonomy.
A nurse is caring for a client who has schizophrenia who consistently does the opposite of what the nurse asks of him. The nurse recognizes this as which of the following alterations in behavior?
- A. Automatic obedience
- B. Waxy flexibility
- C. Negativism
- D. Impaired impulse control
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Negativism. Negativism is a behavior where the client does the opposite of what is asked or expected. In this case, the client with schizophrenia consistently does the opposite of what the nurse asks, which aligns with negativism. Automatic obedience (A) is when a client complies without question, waxy flexibility (B) is characterized by maintaining limbs in the position they are placed in, and impaired impulse control (D) involves difficulty controlling impulses, none of which fit the scenario described.
A home health nurse drives up to the house of her client, who has schizophrenia with manic episodes. The client is sitting on his front porch with a shotgun in his arms. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Honk the car horn to get the client's attention.
- B. Calmly speak the client's name out of the car window.
- C. Keep driving in a path that is going away from the client's house.
- D. Stop the car in the client's driveway and call the authorities.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Leaving the situation and seeking help from authorities is the safest course of action.
A nurse is caring for a client who has bipolar disorder and is running around the unit asking people to dance with her. Which of the following interventions should the nurse take?
- A. Turn on a dance video so the client can burn off excess energy.
- B. Offer the client a low-calorie snack in return for stopping the behavior.
- C. Walk the client outside and sit with her in the garden area.
- D. Observe the client closely for the development of aggressive behavior.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Walk the client outside and sit with her in the garden area. This intervention helps the client to redirect their energy in a positive and calming manner. Being outdoors can provide a change of environment, fresh air, and can help the client feel more grounded. It also offers a distraction from the impulsive behavior and promotes relaxation. Turning on a dance video (choice A) may further stimulate the client's behavior rather than calming them down. Offering a snack (choice B) may reinforce the behavior and is not addressing the underlying issue. Observing for aggressive behavior (choice D) is important but does not actively address the client's current behavior.