Nokea
A nurse is teaching a lesson on fetal development to a class of high school students and explains the primary germ layers. What are the germ layers? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Ectoderm
- B. Endoderm
- C. Mesoderm
- D. Plastoderm
- E. Blastoderm
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: The zygote transforms its embryonic disc into three layers: the ectoderm, the mesoderm, and the endoderm.
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A woman who is 25 weeks pregnant asks the nurse what her fetus looks like. What does the nurse explain is one physical characteristic present in a 25-week-old fetus?
- A. Lanugo covering the body
- B. Constant motion
- C. Skin that is pink and smooth
- D. Eyes that are closed
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: By 25 weeks, the body of the fetus is covered with lanugo, the eyes are open, the skin is wrinkled, and the fetus has definite periods of movement and sleeping.
What is the total number of chromosomes contained in a mature sperm or ovum?
- A. 22
- B. 23
- C. 44
- D. 46
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gametes (sex cells) contain 23 chromosomes.
Where is the usual location for implantation of the zygote?
- A. Upper section of the posterior uterine wall
- B. Lower portion of the uterus near the cervical os
- C. Inner third of the fallopian tube near the uterus
- D. Lateral aspect of the uterine wall
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The zygote usually implants in the upper section of the posterior uterine wall.
What are the functions of amniotic fluid? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Maintaining an even temperature
- B. Impeding excessive fetal movement
- C. Lubricating fetal skin
- D. Acting as a reservoir for nutrients
- E. Acting as a cushion for the fetus
Correct Answer: A,E
Rationale: The amniotic fluid provides maintenance of even temperature; prevents amnion from adhering to fetal skin; allows buoyancy, symmetrical growth, and fetal movement; and acts as a cushion for the fetus. Although the fetus does swallow amniotic fluid, it has no nutritional value.
The nurse is reviewing fetal circulation with a pregnant patient and explains that blood circulates through the placenta to the fetus. What vessel(s) carry blood to the fetus?
- A. One umbilical vein
- B. Two umbilical veins
- C. One umbilical artery
- D. Two umbilical arteries
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The umbilical vein transports richly oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.