Nokea
What nutrition-related side effect is most likely to occur after head and neck surgery for cancer treatment?
- A. Aspiration
- B. Acid reflux
- C. Dumping syndrome
- D. Diarrhea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most likely nutrition-related side effect after head and neck surgery for cancer treatment is aspiration. This is due to changes in swallowing mechanics, which can cause food or liquids to be inhaled into the lungs. While acid reflux, dumping syndrome, and diarrhea are potential side effects related to nutrition, they are not as directly connected to head and neck surgery. Acid reflux is more often related to issues with the lower esophageal sphincter, dumping syndrome is typically a complication of gastric surgery, and diarrhea can have various causes, including certain medications or gastrointestinal illnesses.
You may also like to solve these questions
Is the loss of teeth or supporting periodontium often associated with poor food selection and limited chewing ability, and do the patients' masticatory efficiency and biting force decline with each tooth lost?
- A. Both statements are true
- B. Both statements are false
- C. The first statement is true; the second is false
- D. The first statement is false; the second is true
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Both statements are indeed true. The loss of teeth or supporting periodontium frequently leads to poor food selection and limited chewing ability, as these conditions can make certain foods difficult to consume. Additionally, a patient's masticatory efficiency and biting force do decline with each tooth lost, as there are fewer teeth to distribute the force of the bite. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they suggest that one or both of these statements are false, which is not the case.
What should Mrs. Smith do to increase her HDL levels, as advised by the nurse?
- A. Monitor her blood glucose levels
- B. Quit smoking
- C. Control her blood pressure
- D. Take fish oil supplements
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Quit smoking.' Smoking has been shown to lower HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) levels, and quitting can help to improve these levels. HDL is often referred to as 'good cholesterol' because it helps to remove other forms of cholesterol from the bloodstream, reducing the risk of heart disease. While monitoring blood glucose levels, controlling blood pressure, and taking fish oil supplements can contribute to overall health and wellbeing, they do not directly increase HDL levels in the same way that quitting smoking does. Therefore, quitting smoking is the most effective way for Mrs. Smith to increase her HDL levels as advised by the nurse.
Which of the following actions are individuals with loss of smell NOT inclined to do?
- A. Use more spices in their food
- B. Eat less food
- C. Eat and drink more sweets
- D. Lose weight
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Individuals with a loss of smell are typically inclined to eat less because the enjoyment of food is diminished due to the lack of taste. However, they may compensate for this loss by consuming more sweets or using more spices. Therefore, they are less inclined to lose weight because of the increased consumption of sweets and spices, not because they eat less. Choice 'A' is incorrect because individuals with loss of smell often use more spices to enhance the taste of their food. Choice 'B' is incorrect as they may indeed eat less due to the diminished enjoyment of food. Choice 'C' is also incorrect as they tend to eat and drink more sweets to compensate for their loss of taste.
What would a diet manual most likely contain?
- A. Procedures for disinfecting cooking surfaces
- B. Staff sanitation guidelines
- C. Information on specific patients' resting metabolic rates
- D. Specific food preparation methods
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A diet manual typically contains guidance on specific food preparation methods to ensure proper nutrition and health for individuals following the diet. Therefore, choice D is correct. Choices A and B refer to sanitation procedures and staff hygiene issues, which are important but not typically the focus of a diet manual. Choice C, regarding specific patients' resting metabolic rates, is too individualized and detailed for a general diet manual, as it would be part of a personalized dietary plan developed with a healthcare professional.
What is the major diet-derived antioxidant found in cell membranes?
- A. B12
- B. beta-carotene
- C. vitamin E
- D. vitamin A
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is vitamin E. Vitamin E is the major antioxidant found in cell membranes, where it plays a crucial role in protecting them from oxidative damage. Although B12, beta-carotene, and vitamin A are important nutrients with specific functions in the body, they are not the primary antioxidants found in cell membranes. Vitamin E specifically localizes in cell membranes to neutralize free radicals and prevent lipid peroxidation, making it an essential antioxidant for cellular health.