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A nurse is teaching a patient about managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further education?
- A. I should avoid exposure to second-hand smoke.
- B. I will take my medications as prescribed.
- C. I can stop using my inhaler once I feel better.
- D. I will practice breathing exercises to improve my lung function.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because stopping the inhaler once feeling better is incorrect. Inhalers are used to manage COPD symptoms long-term, not just when feeling unwell. Step 1: Explain that inhalers are essential for managing COPD and should be used consistently. Step 2: Emphasize that stopping inhaler use prematurely can lead to exacerbation of symptoms and worsening of the condition. Step 3: Reinforce the importance of following the prescribed treatment plan for optimal COPD management. Other choices are incorrect: A: True, avoiding second-hand smoke is crucial for COPD management. B: True, taking medications as prescribed is essential. D: True, breathing exercises can help improve lung function.
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A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes about managing foot care. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates proper understanding?
- A. I will inspect my feet daily for cuts or blisters.
- B. I will avoid trimming my toenails to prevent injury.
- C. I will wear tight shoes to avoid blisters.
- D. I will ignore any small wounds on my feet.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "I will inspect my feet daily for cuts or blisters." This statement indicates proper understanding because daily foot inspection is crucial for early detection of any wounds, which can prevent complications in diabetic patients.
Incorrect choices:
B: Avoiding trimming toenails can lead to ingrown nails and potential injury.
C: Wearing tight shoes can increase the risk of blisters and discomfort.
D: Ignoring small wounds can lead to infections and more serious foot issues.
In summary, choice A is correct as it promotes proactive foot care, while the other choices can potentially harm the patient's foot health.
A patient has had a cerebrovascular accident (stroke). He is trying very hard to communicate. He seems driven to speak and says, "I buy obie get spirding and take my train.' What is the best way for the nurse to communicate with this patient?
- A. Use speech because he will understand even if the nurse cannot understand him.
- B. Abandon all attempts to communicate with him. His aphasia is irreversible.
- C. Give him a pencil and paper because reading and writing abilities will not be impaired.
- D. Support his efforts to communicate, and use pantomime and gestures to communicate when possible.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the patient is showing signs of expressive aphasia, where they have difficulty with verbal expression. By supporting his efforts to communicate and using pantomime and gestures, the nurse can help bridge the communication gap and facilitate understanding. This approach acknowledges the patient's drive to communicate and helps him convey his thoughts effectively.
Option A is incorrect because although the patient may understand, the nurse needs to adapt the communication method to support the patient's expressive difficulties. Option B is incorrect as abandoning communication efforts would be detrimental to the patient's well-being and recovery. Option C is incorrect as the patient's ability to read and write may also be impaired due to the stroke, making this method less effective than using gestures and pantomime.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has undergone a colonoscopy. The nurse should prioritize monitoring for which of the following complications?
- A. Hypotension.
- B. Bleeding or perforation.
- C. Constipation.
- D. Pain at the insertion site.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bleeding or perforation. After a colonoscopy, the patient is at risk for bleeding or perforation which are serious complications requiring immediate attention. Monitoring for signs such as abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, or signs of peritonitis is crucial. Choice A is not a priority unless the patient shows signs of shock. Choice C is a common post-procedure issue but not a priority complication. Choice D, pain at the insertion site, is expected and can be managed with analgesics.
A nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes who is experiencing hypoglycemia. The nurse should prioritize which of the following interventions?
- A. Administering insulin.
- B. Providing a source of fast-acting carbohydrate.
- C. Administering an oral hypoglycemic agent.
- D. Monitoring the patient's blood pressure.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Providing a source of fast-acting carbohydrate. In hypoglycemia, the priority is to quickly raise the patient's blood sugar levels to prevent potential complications like seizures or loss of consciousness. Fast-acting carbohydrates, such as glucose tablets or juice, can rapidly increase blood sugar levels. Administering insulin (A) would further lower blood sugar levels, worsening the situation. Administering an oral hypoglycemic agent (C) is not appropriate in an acute hypoglycemic episode. Monitoring blood pressure (D) is important but not the priority in this situation.
A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse should monitor for which of the following signs of exacerbation?
- A. Increased sputum production and shortness of breath.
- B. Improved oxygen saturation.
- C. Increased energy levels.
- D. Decreased respiratory rate.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because increased sputum production and shortness of breath are classic signs of exacerbation in COPD. This indicates worsening airflow limitation and potential respiratory distress. Monitoring these signs helps in early intervention and preventing further complications.
B: Improved oxygen saturation is not a sign of exacerbation in COPD. It would actually suggest improvement in the patient's condition.
C: Increased energy levels are not typical signs of exacerbation in COPD. Patients usually experience fatigue and weakness during exacerbations.
D: Decreased respiratory rate is not indicative of exacerbation in COPD. It could be a sign of respiratory depression or sedation, but not exacerbation.